| 词条 | Günter Steinhausen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Günther Steinhausen |birth_date=15 September 1917 |death_date={{death date and age|1942|9|6|1917|9|15|df=y}} |image= |birth_place=Lobkevitz on the isle of Rügen |death_place=near El Alamein |allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch={{Luftwaffe}} |serviceyears= |rank=Leutnant |commands= |unit=JG 27 |battles=World War II
|awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |laterwork=}} Günther Steinhausen (born 15 September 1917 in Lobkevitz on the isle of Rügen – missing in action, 6 September 1942 near El Alamein, Egypt) was a World War II Luftwaffe Flying ace with 40 combat victories to his name. He was also a posthumous recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. BiographyGünther Steinhausen was born 15 September 1917 at Lobkevitz, on the island of Rügen. After flight training, Steinhausen was posted, as an Unteroffizier, to 1./JG 27 (the 1st squadron of the 27th Fighter Wing) in the spring of 1941, transferring with the unit to North Africa soon after. The first Luftwaffe fighter unit in Africa, they were initially based at Ain-el-Gazala, just west of the besieged port of Tobruk. Flying the older Bf 109E-7, it was still found to be eminently competitive against the British squadrons based there. He recorded his first victory on 9 June, shooting down a Hawker Hurricane north of Tobruk. On 26 August 1941, Steinhausen claimed his fifth victory: probably a Tomahawk IIb AK374 of No. 250 Squadron flown by British ace Sgt. Maurice Hards (7 victories) who force-landed wounded near Mersa Matruh.{{sfn|Molesworth|2011}}{{sfn|Shores|1999|p=313}} In August, as the remaining Gruppen of Jagdgeschwader 27 transferred in to North Africa from Russia as reinforcements, I./JG 27 rotated its squadrons back to Germany to re-equip onto the Bf 109F. After the British Operation Crusader in November and December had relieved Tobruk and driven the Axis back, in January Rommel had sufficient fuel supplies to launch his next counter-attack, and he took Benghazi on 29 January, as the aircrew retraced their steps to airfields they had abandoned only a month or so previously. On 28 March Steinhausen claimed his 10th victory, when he shot down a Kittyhawk fighter of No. 94 Squadron RAF flown by P/O Crosbie, near Timimi. Four days after his 13th victory on 22 May 1942, Rommel launched his offensive that would eventually take the Axis forces right across Libya and into Egypt, almost to the gates of Alexandria. It was this time, as with many other pilots of JG 27 that was to be particularly successful for Steinhausen. With a rush of multiple victories he advanced his tally: a pair of South African Tomahawks on 31 May, followed by four fighters in the El Adem area on 16 June (20-23v.) and then a further four Hurricanes (of No. 238 Sqn (RAF)) on 28 June over Sidi Haneish (27-30v.). On 9 July, Steinhausen shot down a United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) B-24 Liberator, ("Eager Beaver"), and only the second four-engine bomber claimed by JG 27. One of six bombers of the Halverston Detachment that had been sent to attack an Axis supply convoy, it was his 34th victory.{{sfn|Weal|2003|p=83}} By now the front had stabilised at the Alamein line and both sides paused to draw breath, and build up supplies for their next offensives. In the interim, he was awarded the Ehrenpokal (Honour Goblet) on 5 August, and then the German Cross in Gold on 21 August, for his success to date. At the end of August, activity picked up again, and Rommel launched his assault on the fortified Alamein line at the beginning of September. On 6 September 1942, on an early-morning patrol, Fw Steinhausen shot down a Hurricane of No. 7 Sqn (SAAF) or No. 274 Sqn (RAF) near El Alamein for his 40th victory. However, he was then himself shot down in his Bf 109F-4 "White 5" (Werknummer 13272—factory number) southeast of El Alamein.{{sfn|Prien|Rodeike|Stemmer|1998|p=544}} His body was never recovered. It is highly likely that James Francis Edwards was his victor since his combat report tallies with the action, though he only claimed a "damaged" Bf 109.{{sfn|Heaton|Lewis|2012|p=155}} Günther Steinhausen was credited with 40 victories, all recorded over the Western Desert, all but two of those were over single-seat fighters. On 3 November he was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ({{lang|de|Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes}}) and promoted to Leutnant. Aerial victory claimsSteinhausen was credited with 40 aerial victories.
Awards
NotesReferencesCitations{{Reflist|25em}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last=Fellgiebel |first=Walther-Peer |authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |year=2000 |origyear=1986 |title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |language=German |location=Friedberg, Germany |publisher=Podzun-Pallas |isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Heaton |first1=Colin |last2=Lewis |first2=Anne-Marie |year=2012 |title=The Star of Africa: The Story of Hans Marseille, the Rogue Luftwaffe Ace |location=London, UK |publisher=Zenith Press |isbn=978-0-7603-4393-7 |ref=harv }}
|last=Molesworth |first=Carl |year=2011 |title=P-40 Warhawk vs Bf 109, MTO 1942–44 |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84908-469-7 |ref=harv }}
|last=Obermaier |first=Ernst |year=1989 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945 |language=German |location=Mainz, Germany |publisher=Verlag Dieter Hoffmann |isbn=978-3-87341-065-7 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |last2=Scherzer |first2=Veit |year=2001 |title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |year=2008 |title=Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg |trans-title=The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-08-3 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Prien |first1=Jochen |last2=Rodeike |first2=Peter |last3=Stemmer |first3=Gerhard |year=1998 |title=Messerschmidt Bf 109 im Einsatz bei Stab und I./Jagdgeschwader 27, 1939 – 1945 |trans-title=Messerschmidt Bf 109 in Action with the Headquarters Unit and I./Jagdgeschwader 27, 1939 – 1945 |language=German |location=Eutin, Germany |publisher=Struve-Druck |isbn=978-3-923457-46-5 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Ring |first1=Hans |year=1969 |title=Fighters over the desert: the air battles in the Western Desert, June 1940 to December 1942 |location=London, UK |publisher=Neville Spearman |isbn=978-0-85435-060-5 |ref=harv }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 |ref=harv }}
|last=Scutts |first=Jerry |year=1994 |title=Bf 109 Aces of North Africa and the Mediterranean |location=London, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-85532-448-0 }}
|last=Shores |first=Christopher |year=1999 |title=Aces High – Volume 2: A Further Tribute to the Most Notable Fighter Aces of the British and Commonwealth Air Forces in World War II |location=London |publisher=Grub Street |isbn=1-902304-03-9 |ref=harv }}
|last1=Shores |first1=Christopher F. |last2=Massimello |first2=Giovanni |last3=Guest |first3=Russell |year=2012 |title=A History of the Mediterranean Air War, 1940–1945 Volume 2: North African Desert, February 1942 – March 1943 |location=London, UK |publisher=Grub Street |isbn=978-1-909166-12-7 |ref=harv }}
|last=Weal |first=John |year=2003 |title=Jagdgeschwader 27 'Afrika' |location=London, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84176-538-9 |ref=harv }}{{Refend}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Aviation | portal2=Biography | portal3=Military of Germany | portal4=World War II }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Steinhausen, Gunther}} 7 : 1917 births|1942 deaths|Luftwaffe pilots|German World War II flying aces|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross|German military personnel killed in World War II|Aviators killed by being shot down |
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