| 词条 | Habib Elghanian |
| 释义 |
|name = Habib Elghanian |image = Habib elghanian.jpg |image_size = |caption = Habib Elghanian |birth_name = |birth_date = 5 April 1912 |birth_place = Tehran, Iran |death_date = {{death date and age|1979|5|9|1912|4|5|df=y}} |death_place = Tehran, Iran |residence = |nationality = Iranian |alma_mater = |occupation = Businessman |years_active = |net_worth = |known_for = Owner of PlascoKar Com. |spouse = |children = |parents = |website = |signature = }} Habib (Habibollah) Elghanian ({{lang-fa|حبیب (حبیبالله) القانیان}}, 5 April 1912[1] – 9 May 1979) was a prominent Iranian Jewish businessman and philanthropist who served as the president of the Tehran Jewish Society and acted as the symbolic head of the Iranian Jewish community in the 1970s. He was arrested and sentenced to death by an Islamic revolutionary tribunal shortly after the Iranian Revolution for charges including corruption, contacts with Israel and Zionism, and "friendship with the enemies of God", and was executed.[2][3] He was the first Jew and businessman to be executed by the Islamic government.[3] Early life and careerElghanian has six brothers, Aghadjan, Davoud, Nourollah (father of Henry Elghanayan), Sion, Ataollah and Nedjatollah.[4] In 1959, Elghanian established Plasco, a plastics manufacturing factory in Tehran which later became the largest and most technologically advanced plastics manufacturer in Iran. He played a significant role in bringing Western technology to Iran in the 1960s and 1970s. A self made multi-millionaire, Elghanian was known for his entrepreneurial accomplishments in Iran and Israel.[5] In addition, he served as the leader of the society in the 1960s and 1970s.[3] Arrest and executionShortly after the Islamic revolution in 1979, Elghanian was arrested on March 16 after returning to Iran, and accused of spying. The charges included corruption, contacts with Israel and Zionism, and "economic imperialism". On May 8, he was tried and convicted of a number of crimes, including meeting with Israeli leaders. According to his granddaughter, the trial lasted less than twenty minutes. He was sentenced to death, with his execution carried out before dawn the next day. All of the property belonging to the Elghanian family in Iran was confiscated by the state.[6] A report by Time magazine states: Elghanian, who was convicted of spying for Israel, was said to have made huge investments in Israel and to have solicited funds for the Israeli army, which the prosecution claimed made him an accomplice "in murderous air raids against innocent Palestinians."[7]Elghanian stated that he was not a supporter of Zionism, though his Plasco Building was built by Israeli engineers during the Shah era when Iran had close relations with Israel, and he had made investments in Israel.[8] On 9 May 1979, Elghanian was executed by firing squad in Tehran. He was the first Jewish citizen and one of the first civilians of Iran to be executed by the new Islamic government.[9] ConsequencesHis death was considered one of the reasons for the departure of 75% of the 80,000 Jews who lived in the country before the revolution.[2] Amid the post-revolution chaos, the government with its many rival factions initially refused to release Elghanian's body to his family for burial.{{fact|date=January 2017}} With the intervention of Chief Rabbi Yedidia Shofet and other prominent members of the Tehran Jewish community, his body was finally released and initially buried in an unmarked grave in Tehran's Beheshtieh Jewish Cemetery. Out of fear of further retaliation, only a handful of people attended Elghanian's burial. A modest tombstone was later placed on his grave making no reference to his execution.[10] Shortly after Elghanian's execution, the United States Senate passed a resolution authored by New York Senator Jacob Javits to condemn his execution as well as that of other civilians as a violation of human rights in Iran.[11] In the aftermath of the Stuxnet worm that attacked Iran's nuclear facilities, there was speculation by security researchers working for Symantec that a number found in the Stuxnet code – "19790509" – which was used as a marker to identify computers that should not be affected, was a reference to his execution date; however, researchers also warned against using this possible connection to draw any conclusions as to Stuxnet's origin.[12] On January 19, 2017, the 17-storey Plasco Building in downtown Tehran collapsed live on TV after a fire engulfed its top floors. Twenty firefighters were killed[13] and at least seventy people were injured.[14] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/04/22/iran-executed-my-grandfather-now-the-regime-is-trying-to-hide-the-way-it-has-treated-other-jews/|title=Iran executed my grandfather. Now the regime is trying to hide the way it has treated other Jews.|website=Washington Post|access-date=2017-01-19}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/iran/1.766106|title=Builder of Wrecked Tehran Tower: Iranian Jewish Businessman Executed in '79 as 'Zionist Spy'|date=19 January 2017|publisher=Haaretz|access-date=19 January 2017}} 3. ^1 {{cite news|last=Elghanayan|first=Shahrzad|title=How Iran killed its future|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/jun/27/opinion/la-oe-elghanayan-iran-entrepreneuers-not-nukes-20120627|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=27 June 2012}} 4. ^[https://casetext.com/case/elghanayan-v-elghanayan-7 "ELGHANAYAN V. ELGHANAYAN" 190 A.D.2d 449, 453] MILONAS, J. | The document, which was drawn up in Farsi and signed in Teheran, provides that the four older siblings, defendants Aghadjan, Davoud, Nourollah and the late Habib Elghanayan, would each own a 20% share of the business while the three younger brothers, plaintiffs Sion, Ataollah and Nedjatollah Elghanayan, would divide among themselves the one remaining 20% share. 5. ^Eminent Persians: The Men and Women Who Made Modern Iran, 1941–1979, Vol II, by Abbas Milani, pp. 616–621, 2008 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Law And Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran |url=http://www.ihrv.org/inf/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/law_and_human_rights_in_the_islamic_republic_of_iran_february_through_september19791.pdf |work=Amnesty International |accessdate=3 August 2013 |format=Report |date=13 March 1980 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602194110/http://ihrv.org/inf/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/law_and_human_rights_in_the_islamic_republic_of_iran_february_through_september19791.pdf |archivedate=2 June 2010 |df=dmy-all }} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920359,00.html|newspaper=Time|title=A Nation Still in Torment| date=21 May 1979|accessdate=4 May 2010}} 8. ^Eminent Persians: The Men and Women Who Made Modern Iran, 1941–1979, Vol II, Abbas Milani, pp. 616–621, 2008 9. ^{{citation|last=Sarshar|first=Houman|title=Esther's Children|year=2002|page=423}} 10. ^Website of the Tehran Jewish Cemetery 11. ^{{cite book |last1=Mousavian |last2=Shahidsaless |first1=Seyed Hossein |first2=Shahir|title=Iran and the United States: An Insider’s View on the Failed Past and the Road to Peace |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=gZe9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT86&lpg=PT86&dq=United+States+condemn+Elghanian+execution&source=bl&ots=U8h21QR855&sig=vcYeol2YrCAIQCDHVOkJnsYEdZY&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFyMmtsM_RAhVEiZAKHZGyChsQ6AEIKDAC#v=onepage&q=United%20States%20condemn%20Elghanian%20execution&f=false |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2014 |isbn=1628927607}} 12. ^W32.Stuxnet Dossier, Version 1.4, (February 2011) Nicolas Falliere, Liam O Murchu, and Eric Chien 13. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-38675628 |title=Tehran fire: Twenty firemen killed as high-rise collapses |publisher=BBC |date=19 January 2017 |accessdate=20 January 2017 }} 14. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-iran-high-rise-20170119-story.html | title = 50 firefighters killed in Iran as burning high-rise collapses | first1 = Shashank | last1= Bengali | first2= Ramin | last2= Mostaghim | date = 19 January 2017 | accessdate = 19 January 2017 | work = Los Angeles Times }} External links
15 : 1912 births|1979 deaths|20th-century businesspeople|20th-century Iranian people|20th-century philanthropists|Iranian businesspeople|Iranian Jews|Iranian philanthropists|Jewish businesspeople|Jewish philanthropists|Manufacturing businesspeople|Mizrahi Jews|People executed by Iran by firing squad|People executed during the Iranian Revolution|People from Tehran |
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