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词条 Habitability
释义

  1. New York law

  2. Consequences

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{about||habitability of planets|Planetary habitability|habitability of planet systems| Habitable zone}}{{redirect|Living conditions|the philosophical concept|quality of life|the Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode|Living Conditions}}Habitability is the conformance of a residence or abode to the implied warranty of habitability. A residence that complies is said to be habitable. It is an implied warranty or contract, meaning it does not have to be an express contract, covenant, or provision of a contract. There was no implied warranty of habitability for tenants at common law and the legal doctrine has since developed in many jurisdictions through housing laws and regulations.[1][2]

Habitability is synonymous with tenantability.[3]

In order to be habitable, such housing usually:

  • must provide shelter, with working locks
  • must be heated in the winter months (typically between October 1 and May 31 in the Northeastern United States)[4]
  • must not be infested with vermin, roaches, termites, or mold[5]
  • requires the landlord to stop other tenants from making too much noise (as measured by the decibel scale), second-hand smoke,[6] or from selling narcotics
  • must provide potable water
  • each jurisdiction may have various rules.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

New York law

Some states, such as New York, have given additional statutory protections in addition to those created by caselaw.[14] These statutes include:

  1. Lobby attendant service by a concierge or landlord &91;15&93;
  2. Elevator mirrors &91;16&93;
  3. Smoke detectors&91;17&93;
  4. Window guards&91;18&93;
  5. Intercoms and self-locking doors&91;19&93;
  6. Protection from lead paint &91;20&93;

Consequences

Violation of the warranty of habitability results in constructive eviction, whereby the landlord or lessor has, in effect, evicted the tenant or lessee.[21] The tenant may remedy the problem,[22][23] or complain to local government authorities for remedies.[24]

See also

  • Real property
  • Real estate
  • Implied warranty of habitability[25]

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Landlord-Tenant Law|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/landlord-tenant_law|website=Wex|publisher=Cornell Law School|accessdate=16 December 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Duties of the Landlord|url=https://lawshelf.com/courseware/entry/duties-of-the-landlord|website=LawShelf|publisher=National Paralegal College|accessdate=16 December 2017}}
3. ^[https://www.avvo.com/legal-answers/is-tenantability-broader-than-habitability--1934626.html "Is tenantability broader than habitability?"]
4. ^In New York, see N.Y. Multiple Dwelling Law § 79.
5. ^Mold in condominium: Negligent maintenance: Breach of warranty of habitability: Settlement: Verdict | Law Reporter | Find Articles at BNET.com
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://ganshore.com/news10-06.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-05-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928142609/http://ganshore.com/news10-06.html |archivedate=2007-09-28 |df= }}
7. ^Pennsylvania
8. ^generally, United States
9. ^California
10. ^[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1371688 District of Columbia]
11. ^Vermont (form).
12. ^TITLE 10.COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Part 7. TEXAS RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION COMMISSION Chapter 304. WARRANTIES AND BUILDING AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Texas Residential Construction Commission
13. ^Massachusetts
14. ^See N.Y. Attorney General's Website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312162610/http://www.oag.state.ny.us/realestate/habitability.html |date=2007-03-12 }}, q.v., and in External sources.
15. ^N.Y. Multiple Dwelling Law §50-c
16. ^N.Y. Multiple Dwelling Law §51-b; NYC Admin. Code §27-2042
17. ^N.Y. Multiple Residence Law §15; Buffalo Code Ch. 395; NYC Admin. Code §27-2045, §27-2046
18. ^NYC Health Code §131.15
19. ^N.Y. Multiple Dwelling Law §50-a
20. ^NYC Health Code §173.14;
21. ^{{cite journal|last1=Josephson|first1=Richard C.|title=The Implied Warranty of Habitability in Landlord-Tenant Relations|journal=William & Mary Law Review|date=1971|volume=12|issue=3|page=580|url=http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2742&context=wmlr|accessdate=16 December 2017}}
22. ^See N.Y. Real Property Law §235-b.
23. ^Warranty of Habitability (rev 7/96)
24. ^N.Y. Multiple Dwelling Law (MDL) §78 and §80; Multiple Residence Law (MRL) §174. (Note: The MDL applies to cities with a population of 325,000 or more and the MRL applies to cities with less than 325,000 and to all towns and villages; from N.Y. Attorney General's Website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312162610/http://www.oag.state.ny.us/realestate/habitability.html |date=2007-03-12 }}.
25. ^(Note to editors: merge with this article?)

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20161111123030/http://www.nyevictiononline.com/ Evicting Tenants in New York]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312162610/http://www.oag.state.ny.us/realestate/habitability.html The Attorney General of the State of New York's page]
  • Tenant's rights
  • Pennsylvania law - Lehigh Valley Legal Services

5 : Contract law|Landlord–tenant law|Real property law|Real estate|Legal doctrines and principles
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