| 词条 | Hadendoa |
| 释义 |
|group = Hadendoa |population = |popplace = {{flag|Sudan}}, {{flag|Egypt}}, {{flag|Eritrea}} |languages = Beja (Bidhaawyeet) |religions = Islam[1] |related = Other Beja }} Hadendoa (or Hadendowa) is the name of a nomadic subdivision of the Beja people, known for their support of the Mahdiyyah rebellion during the 1880s to 1890s.[1] The area historically inhabited by the Hadendoa is today parts of Sudan, Egypt and Eritrea. EtymologyAccording to Roper (1930), the name Haɖanɖiwa is made up of haɖa 'lion' and (n)ɖiwa 'clan'. Other variants are Haɖai ɖiwa, Hanɖiwa and Haɖaatʼar (children of lioness).[2] LanguageThe language of the Hadendoa is a dialect of Bedawi.[4][1] HistoryThe southern Beja were part of the Christian kingdom of Axum during the sixth to fourteenth centuries. In the fifteenth century, Axum fell to the Islamization of the Sudan region, and although the Beja were never entirely subjugated, they were absorbed into Islam via marriages and trade contracts. In the seventeenth century, some of the Beja expanded southward, conquering better pastures. These became the Hadendoa, who by the eighteenth century were the dominant people of eastern Sudan, and always at war with the Bisharin tribe.[3] Extensive anthropological research was done on Egyptian tribes in the late 1800s and a number of skulls of people of the Hadendoa tribe were taken to the Royal College of Surgeons to be measured and studied.[4][5] The Hadendoa were traditionally a pastoral people, ruled by a hereditary chief, called a Ma'ahes. One of the best-known chiefs was a Mahdist general named Osman Digna. He led them in the battles, from 1883 to 1898, against the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan- Britain and Egypt were exercising joint sovereignty in Sudan.[6] They fought the British infantry square in many battles, such as in the Battle of Tamai in 1884 and in the Battle of Tofrek in 1885[7] and earned an unenviable reputation for their bravery. After the reconquest of the Egyptian Sudan (1896–98),[8] the Hadendoa accepted the new order without demur.[9][10] In World War II, the Hadendoa allied themselves with the British against the Italians who were in turn supported by the Beni-Amer tribe.[11][12] In popular cultureTheir elaborately styled hair gained them the name Fuzzy-Wuzzy among British troops during the Mahdist War after which Rudyard Kipling wrote the poem by same name.[13] See also
References1. ^Martin, Hugh (1899) Kassala: An Historical Sketch in {{cite book|title=The United Service Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6M6AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA58|year=1899|publisher=William Clowes & Son|location=London|pages=58–}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Roper|first1=E. M.|title=Tu Bedawie: an elementary handbook for the use of Sudan government officials.|date=1928|publisher=Hertford: Stephen Austin and Sons, Ltd.|url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_bej_number-1|accessdate=25 November 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712143305/https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_bej_number-1|archivedate=12 July 2017|df=}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Burckhardt|first1=John Lewis|title=Travels in Nubia: by the late John Lewis Burckhardt|date=1819|publisher=Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vE4GAAAAQAAJ|accessdate=24 November 2016}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIRxMmigw8wC|page=607|publisher=Royal Anthropological Institute}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Foole|first1=Reginald Stuart|title=The Egyptian Classification|journal=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|date=1887|volume=16|pages=370–379|url=https://archive.org/stream/journalofroyalan16royauoft/journalofroyalan16royauoft_djvu.txt|accessdate=10 December 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Anglo-Egyptian Sudan|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/574/|website=World Digital Library - Library of Congress|accessdate=25 November 2016}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Monick|first1=S.|title=The Political Martyr: General Gordon and the Fall of Kartum|journal=Military History Journal|date=1985|volume=6|issue=6|accessdate=}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Allen|first1=W.H.|title=The Battle of Tofrek|date=1887|publisher=Galloway|edition=4th|url=http://www.1rtr.net/tofrek.html|accessdate=25 November 2016}} 9. ^F.R. Wingate, "The True Story of Osman Dinga", The Graphic, June 16, 1923. 10. ^{{cite web|title=Hadendoa|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hadendoa|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=25 November 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125112025/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hadendoa|archivedate=25 November 2016|df=}} 11. ^1 2 Orville Boyd Jenkins, Profile of the Beja people (1996, 2009) 12. ^{{cite web|title=Africa - The Impact of Firearms|url=https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2016/08/04/africa-the-impact-of-firearms-i/|website=Weapons and Warfare|accessdate=November 25, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125111946/https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2016/08/04/africa-the-impact-of-firearms-i/|archivedate=November 25, 2016|df=}} 13. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2002/06/a-man-of-permanent-contradictions/302512/|title= A Man of Permanent Contradictions |last= Hitchens| first= Christopher| authorlink= Christopher Hitchens |date= June 2002 |website= |publisher= The Atlantic| accessdate= 5 October 2016 }}
External links
6 : African nomads|Beja people|Ethnic groups in Egypt|Ethnic groups in Eritrea|Ethnic groups in Sudan|Cushitic-speaking peoples |
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