| 词条 | Haemulidae |
| 释义 |
| name = Grunts | image = Haemulon album.jpg |image_caption = Haemulon album | taxon = Haemulidae | authority = T. N. Gill, 1885 | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies[1] | subdivision =
| synonyms = Pomadasyidae }}Haemulidae is a family of fishes in the order Perciformes known commonly as grunts. There are about 133 species in 19 genera.[2] These fish are found in tropical fresh, brackish, and salt waters around the world. They are bottom-feeding predators, and named for their ability to produce sound by grinding their teeth.[3] They also engage in mutualistic relationship with cleaner gobies of genus Elacatinus, allowing them to feed on ectoparasites on their bodies.[4] TimelineImageSize = width:850px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-65.5 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-65.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-65.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H. bar:eratop from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q. PlotData= color:eocene bar:NAM1 from: -55.8 till: 0 text: Isacia color:eocene bar:NAM2 from: -48.6 till: 0 text: Orthopristis color:eocene bar:NAM3 from: -48.6 till: 0 text: Parapristopoma color:eocene bar:NAM4 from: -48.6 till: 0 text: Pomadasys color:eocene bar:NAM5 from: -37.2 till: 0 text: Xenistius color:miocene bar:NAM6 from: -23.03 till: 0 text: Brachydeuterus color:miocene bar:NAM7 from: -23.03 till: 0 text: Plectorhinchus color:pliocene bar:NAM8 from: -5.332 till: 0 text: Anisotremus PlotData= bar:period from: -65.5 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:Paleocene from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:Eocene from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:Oligocene from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:Miocene from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:Plio. from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:Pleist. from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:H. bar:era from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:Paleogene from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:Neogene from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:Q. See also
Notes1. ^{{cite journal | author1 = José Julián Tavera | author2 = P. Arturo Acero | author3 = Eduardo F Balart | author4 = Giacomo Bernardi | year = 2012 | title = Molecular phylogeny of grunts (Teleostei, Haemulidae), with an emphasis on the ecology, evolution, and speciation history of New World species | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-12-57 | pmid = 22537107 | pmc = 3472276 | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume =12 | issue = 57| pages = 57 }} 2. ^{{FishBase family|family=Haemulidae|year=2006|month=March}} 3. ^{{cite book |editor=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N.|author1=Johnson, G.D. |author2=Gill, A.C.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|isbn= 978-0-12-547665-2|page= 184}} 4. ^{{Cite journal| author= Sazima, I.|date=September 2000| title = Daily cleaning activity and diversity of clients of the barber goby, Elacatinus figaro, on rocky reefs in southeastern Brazil| journal = Environmental Biology of Fishes | volume =59 | issue =1| pages =69–77 | doi=10.1023/a:1007655819374|display-authors=etal}} References
1 : Haemulidae |
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