| 词条 | Hakim Ajmal Khan |
| 释义 |
| name = Hakim Ajmal Khan | image = Photograph Hakim Ajmal Khan.jpg | alt = Hakim Ajmal Khan | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1868|02|11}}[1] | birth_place = Delhi | death_date = 29 December 1927 | death_place = Delhi | death_cause = Cardiac Arrest | resting_place = Hazrat Rasool Numa compound in Panchkuian Road, Delhi, India | monuments = Delhi Tibbia College and Jamia Millia University | residence = Sharif Manzil | nationality = British India | other_names = Masih ul Mulk, Haziq ul Mulk | known_for = Founder of Jamia Millia Islamia and Tibbia College, Delhi, Founding Member and President All-India Muslim League, President Indian Congress | notable_works = Haziq | children = Hakim Jameel Khan | family = Khandan e Sharifi | occupation = Physician, Politician, Spiritual Healer, Sufi Mystic, Herbalist, Poet }}Mohammad Ajmal Khan (11 February 1868 - 29 December 1927), better known as Hakim Ajmal Khan, was a physician in Delhi, India, and one of the founders of the Jamia Millia Islamia University. He also founded another institution, Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, better known as Tibbia College, situated in Karol Bagh, Delhi. He became the university's first chancellor in 1920 and remained in office until his death in 1927.[2] BiographyBorn on 11 February 1868 (17 Shawwal 1284), Khan descended from a distinguished line of physicians who had come to India during the reign of Mughal Emperor Babar. His family were all Unani doctors (hakims who had practised this ancient form of medicine since their arrival in the country. They were then known as the Rais of Delhi. His grandfather, Hakim Sharif Khan, was a physician to Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam and had built the Sharif Manzil, a hospital-cum-college teaching Unani medicine.[3][4] Khan learnt the Quran by heart and as a child studied traditional Islamic knowledge including Arabic and Persian, before turning his energy to the study of medicine under the guidance of his senior relatives, all of whom were well-known physicians. To promote the practice of Tibb-i-unani or Unani medicine, his grandfather had set up the Sharif Manzil hospital-cum-college known throughout the subcontinent as one of the best philanthropic Unani hospitals where treatment for poor patients was free.[5] He completed his Unani studies under Hakeem Abdul Jameel of Siddiqui Dawakhana, Delhi.[5] On qualifying in 1892, Khan became chief physician to the Nawab of Rampur. Hailed as "Massiha-e-Hind" (Healer of India) and "a king without a crown", Khan, like his father, was reputed to effect miraculous cures and to have possessed a "magical" medicine chest, the secrets of which were known to him alone.[5] Such was his medical acumen that it is said that he could diagnose any illness by just looking at a person's face. Hakim Ajmal Khan charged Rs. 1000 per day for an out-of-town visit but if the patient came to Delhi, he was treated free, regardless of his position in society. Khan proved to be the most outstanding and multifaceted personality of his era with matchless contributions to the causes of Indian independence, national integration and communal harmony.[5] He took great interest in the expansion and development of the native system of Unani medicine and to that end built three important institutions, the Central College in Delhi, the Hindustani Dawakhana and the Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College better known as Tibbia College, Delhi, which expanded research and practice in the field and saved the Unani System of Medicine from extinction in India. His untiring efforts in this field infused a new force and life into an otherwise decaying Unani medical system under British rule.[6] Khan proposed the absorption of Western concepts within the Unani system, a view diametrically opposite to that adopted by physicians of the Lucknow school who wanted to maintain the system's purity.[7] Khan also recognised the talents of chemist Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, whose subsequent research into important medicinal plants used in the field gave Unani medicine a new direction.[8] As one of its founders, Khan was elected first chancellor of the Jamia Milia Islamia University on 22 November 1920, holding the position until his death in 1927. During this period he oversaw the University's move to Delhi from Aligarh and helped it to overcome various crises, including financial ones, when he carried out extensive fund raising and often bailed it out using his own money.[9][10] NationalismKhan changed direction from medicine towards politics after he started writing for the Urdu weekly Akmal-ul-Akhbar launched by his family. Khan also headed the Muslim team who met the Viceroy of India in Shimla in 1906 and presented him with a memorandum written by the delegation. The following year, he was present at the Dhaka inauguration of the All India Muslim League on 30 December 1906. At a time when many Muslim leaders faced arrest, Khan approached Mahatma Gandhi for help, thereafter uniting with him and other Muslim leaders such as Maulana Azad, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jouhar and Maulana Shaukat Ali in the well-known Khilafat movement. Khan was also the sole person elected to the Presidency of the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League and the All India Khilafat Committee. LegacyBefore he died of heart problems on 29 December 1927, Khan had renounced his government title, and many of his Indian followers awarded him the title of Masih-ul-Mulk (Healer of the Nation). He was succeeded to the position of JMI Chancellor by Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari. Ajmaline, a class Ia antiarrhythmic agent and Ajmalan a parent hydride, are named after him.[11] After partitionAfter the partition of India, Khan's grandson Hakim Muhammad Nabi Khan moved to Pakistan. Hakim Nabi had learnt Tibb (how to practice medicine) from his grandfather and opened 'Dawakhana Hakim Ajmal Khan' in Lahore which has branches throughout Pakistan. The motto of the Ajmal Khan family is Azal-ul-Allah-Khudatulmal, which means that the best way to keep oneself busy is by serving humanity. Quotes
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Hameed, Abdul |title=Exchanges Between India and Central Asia in the Field of Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d3BFAAAAYAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Department of History of Medicine and Science, Institute of History of Medicine and Medical Research}} 2. ^Profile of Hakim Ajmal Khan. Jamia Millia Islamia. Retrieved 18 August 2017 3. ^Sharif Manzil by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Aiwan-i Urdu, Delhi, June 1988, pp. 29-35 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.the-south-asian.com/april2002/indiasfirstunanifamily1.htm|title=Sharif Manzil & Hindustani Dawakhana|date=April 2002|publisher=the-south-Asian.com website|accessdate=18 August 2017}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{Citation |publisher = Urdū Akādmī, Dihlī |publication-place = Naʾī Dihlī |title = Dillī aur t̤ibb-i Yūnānī |url = http://openlibrary.org/books/OL16755751M/Dillī_aur_t̤ibb-i_Yūnānī |author = Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman |edition = Dillī aur t̤ibb-i Yūnānī |publication-date = 1995|accessdate=18 August 2017}} 6. ^Masih-al Mulk Hakim Ajmal Khan by Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Shaida-89, (Souvenir), Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College Delhi, 1989 7. ^{{cite book|last=Alavi|first=Seema|title=Islam and Healing: Loss and Recovery of an Indo-Muslim Medical Tradition, 1600–1900|year=2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.publicationsdivision.nic.in/Hindi-Roman/Au-Wise/HRB28.HTM|title=Hakim Ajmal Khan (Biography in Hindi language)|publisher=Publications Division, Government of India|accessdate=18 August 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jmi.ac.in/HistoryofJamia.htm|title=History of Jamia|publisher=Jamia Milia Islamia website|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416203919/http://www.jmi.ac.in/HistoryofJamia.htm|archivedate=16 April 2010|df=dmy-all|accessdate=16 January 2018}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Faruqi|first=Ziaulhasan|title=Dr. Zakir Hussain, quest for truth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzNnwUasQ3wC&pg=PA108|page=108|year=1999|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=81-7648-056-8}} 11. ^[https://www.dawn.com/news/118541 KARACHI: Experts for alternative medicine system]. Dawn. 5 October 2003. 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/hakim_ajmal_khan.htm|title=Hakim Ajmal Khan (1863–1927) President – Ahmedabad, 1921|publisher=Congress Sandesh, Indian National Congress publication|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503034229/http://www.congresssandesh.com/AICC/history/presidents/hakim_ajmal_khan.htm|archivedate=3 May 2009|df=dmy-all|accessdate=16 January 2018}} 13. ^Hakim Ajmal Khan. Publicationsdivision.nic.in. Retrieved on 2018-12-11. Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Hakim Ajmal Khan}}
16 : 1863 births|1927 deaths|Medical doctors from Delhi|Indian Muslims|Indian independence activists from Delhi|Jamia Millia Islamia|19th-century Indian educational theorists|Presidents of the Indian National Congress|19th-century Indian medical doctors|All India Muslim League members|Unani practitioners|Founders of Indian schools and colleges|20th-century Indian medical doctors|20th-century Indian educational theorists|Scholars from Delhi|Indian National Congress politicians from Delhi |
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