| 词条 | Haluza |
| 释义 |
|name = Haluza |native_name = {{Hebrew|חלוצה}} - {{lang|ar|الخلصة}} |alternate_name = Halasa Chellous al-Khalasa Elusa |image = File:Bldg-haluza.jpg |alt = |caption = |map_type = Israel |map_alt = |map_size = 150 |coordinates = {{coord|31.097|34.652|display=inline,title}} |location = Southern District, Israel |region = Negev |type = Settlement |part_of = |length = |width = |area = |height = |builder = |material = |built = |abandoned = |epochs = |cultures = Nabataean, Roman |dependency_of = |occupants = |excavations = |archaeologists = |condition = In ruins |ownership = |management = |public_access = |website = |notes = | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = Incense Route - Desert Cities in the Negev (Haluza, Mamshit, Avdat and Shivta) | designation1_date = 2005 (29th session) | designation1_number = 1107 | designation1_criteria = iii, v | designation1_type = Cultural | designation1_free1name = State Party | designation1_free1value = Israel | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = Europe and North America }} Haluza ({{lang-ar|الخلصة}}; {{lang-he-n|חלוצה}}), also known as Halasa, Chellous (Χελλοὺς in Greek, although in the 6th-century Madaba Map the town appears as ΕΛΟΥϹΑ), Elusa, al-Khalasa and al-Khalūṣ (Arabic), is a city in the Negev, Israel, that was once part of the Nabataean Incense Route. Due to its historic importance, UNESCO declared Haluza a World Heritage Site along with Mamshit, Avdat and Shivta. Name{{primary|section|date=March 2019}}In Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic translation of the Pentateuch, the biblical town of Gerar is associated with Haluza (Judeo-Arabic: {{Hebrew|'אלכ'לוץ}} = al-Khalūṣ).[1] The city is called 'Chellous' (Χελλοὺς) in the Greek text of Judith, i, 9. It is also mentioned by Ptolemy[2] as being in Idumaea, Peutinger's Table, Stephanus Byzantius (as being formerly in the province of Arabia Petraea, now in Palaestina Tertia), Jerome,[3] the pilgrim Theodosius, Antoninus of Piacenza, and Joannes Moschus.[4] Jerome's life of St. Hilarion mentions a great temple of Aphrodite in Elusa in the 4th century.[5] Hilarion is supposed to have introduced Christianity to Elusa in the fourth century.[6]Early in the following century, a Bishop of Elusa, after redeeming the son of Nilus of Sinai, who had been carried off from Mount Sinai by the Arabs, ordained both him and his father.[7] Other bishops known are Theodulus, 431; Aretas, 451; Peter, 518; and Zenobius, 536.[8] HistoryThe ruins of Halusa are located in a large plain nineteen miles southwest of Beersheba, Israel. Many inscriptions have been found there.[9] In the vicinity, according to the Targums, was the desert of Sur with the well at which the angel found Hagar (Genesis 16:7). (See Revue Biblique, 1906, 597). Archaeological surveys of the area are partly hampered by the presence of shifting sands. However, Nabataean streets have been found, along with two churches, a theatre, wine press and tower.[10]The bishopric of Elusa is included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.[11] In March 2019, a team of German and Israeli archaeologists announced the discovery of a 1,700-year-old Greek inscription, bearing the name of the city of Elusa.[12] By analysing rubbish removed from the city, it has been determined that it underwent a major decline around the middle of the sixth century, about a century before the Islamic conquest.[13] The excavators propose that their findings call for a reevaluation of the settlement history of the Negev region in the late Byzantine period.[13] See also
References1. ^Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic Translation of the Pentateuch (Tafsir), s.v. Genesis 10:19, Genesis 20:2, Genesis 26:17, 20. On Haluza's proximity to Gerar, see: M. Naor, Gerar — Tell el Far'a, Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society (1955), pp. 99–102 (Hebrew) 2. ^V:xv:10 3. ^In Isaiam V:xv, 4 4. ^Pratum Spirituale, clxiv 5. ^"Vita Sancti Hilarionis", 25, in Patrologia Latina, XXIII, col.41 6. ^Jerome, loc.cit. 7. ^Patrologia Graeca LXXIX:373-93 8. ^Lequien, Oriens Christianus III, 735 9. ^Revue Biblique, 1905, 246-48, 253-55 10. ^The Incense Route (Israel) UNESCO 11. ^Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 888 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/unique-1700-year-old-greek-inscription-unearthed-at-incense-route-city-in-negev/|title=Unique 1,700-year-old Greek inscription unearthed at Incense Route city in Negev|work=The Times of Israel|date=13 March 2019}} 13. ^1 {{cite journal | author = Guy Bar-Oz and 21 others | title = Ancient trash mounds unravel urban collapse a century before the end of Byzantine hegemony in the southern Levant | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | year = 2019 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1900233116 | url = https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/03/19/1900233116}} External links
8 : World Heritage Sites in Israel|Nabataean architecture|Ramat Negev Regional Council|Nabataean sites in Israel|Catholic titular sees in Asia|Former populated places in Southwest Asia|Buildings and structures in Southern District (Israel)|Archaeological sites in Israel |
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