| 词条 | Hamelia patens |
| 释义 |
|image =Starr_031108-3166_Hamelia_patens.jpg |image_caption = Habitus |status = NE |status_system = IUCN3.1 |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Asterids |ordo = Gentianales |familia = Rubiaceae |genus = Hamelia |species = H. patens |binomial = Hamelia patens |binomial_authority = Jacq., 1763 |synonyms = {{Collapsible list | {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
|synonyms_ref = [1] |range_map = Hamelia patens range map.jpg |range_map_caption = Natural range in United States |}} Hamelia patens is a large perennial shrub or small tree in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, that is native to the American subtropics and tropics. Its range extends from Florida in the southern United States to as far south as Argentina.[2] Common names include firebush, hummingbird bush, scarlet bush, and redhead. In Belize, this plant's Mayan name is Ix Canaan and is also known as "Guardian of the Forest". GrowthFirebush has orangish-red tubular flowers, which recruit hummingbirds and butterflies for pollination.[3] The corollas vary greatly in length, making them attractive to a wide range of pollinators.[4] The fruit is a small dark red berry, turning black at maturity.[5] Despite its somewhat scraggy appearance, this is a valuable garden tree in warmer climates and even in temperate ones, as long as the soil remains above freezing.[3] UsesHummingbirds are attracted by its flowers and other birds feed on the fruit, both of which will also forage on small insects found in the vicinity, helping to keep down pests. These flowers are also fed on by butterflies, such as the statira sulphur (Aphrissa statira), which are attracted to red flowering plants. The fruits have a refreshing, acidic taste and are also edible by humans; in Mexico, they are made into a fermented drink. Folk medicineThe plants are used in folk medicine for a range of ailments.https://floridata.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Hamelia+patens/174 Chemical constituentsA number of active compounds have been found in firebush, including maruquine, isomaruquine, pteropodine, isopteropodine, palmirine, rumberine, seneciophylline and stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione.[6] The bark contains significant amounts of tannins. GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-96031|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species|accessdate=March 13, 2014}} 2. ^{{GRIN | accessdate=2009-12-17}} 3. ^1 {{aut|Welch, Willam C.}} (2003): Horticulture Update - Firebush (Hamelia patens). Version of June 2003. Retrieved 2009-AUG-25. 4. ^{{aut|Fenster, Charles B.}} (1991): Selection on Floral Morphology by Hummingbirds. Biotropica 23(1): 98-101. {{doi|10.2307/2388696}} (First page image) 5. ^{{aut|Francis, John K.}} (undated) http://www.fs.fed.us/global/iitf/pdf/shrubs/Hamelia%20patens.pdf Hamelia patens.pdf. Retrieved 2009-AUG-25. 6. ^{{aut|Duke, Jim}} (2007): [https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/phytochem/plants/show/1000 Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases - Hamelia patens]. Retrieved 2007-09-19. External links{{commonscat|Hamelia patens}}{{Wikispecies-inline}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q4919655}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamelia Patens}} 13 : Hamelia|Flora of the Caribbean|Flora of Florida|Flora of Mexico|Flora of Central America|Flora of South America|Medicinal plants of Central America|Medicinal plants of North America|Medicinal plants of South America|Plants described in 1763|Butterfly food plants|Garden plants of North America|Garden plants of South America |
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