| 词条 | Hamman's syndrome |
| 释义 |
| name = Hamman's syndrome | synonyms = | image = Subcutaneous emphysema chest cropped.jpg | caption = A CT scan showing air in the mediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema, which can result in Hamman's syndrome | pronounce = | field = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} Hamman's syndrome, also known as Macklin's syndrome, is a syndrome of spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema[1] (air in the subcutaneous tissues of the skin) and pneumomediastinum (air in the mediastinum, the center of the chest cavity), sometimes associated with pain and, less commonly, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), dysphonia, and a low-grade fever. Hamman's syndrome can cause Hamman's sign, an unusual combination of sounds that can be heard with a stethoscope. CausesThe cause of Hamman's syndrome is most commonly unknown (idiopathic). Excessive duration and/or intensity of activities that mimic valsalva manoeuvres, i.e. that increase intrathoracic pressure, can cause barotrauma, and hence pregnancy (and constipation and other causes of excessive straining) can be a precipitating cause of Hamman's syndrome. Indeed, it is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 100,000 live births and is associated with prolonged labour times [2] Additionally, vomiting and coughing have also been noted as occasional precipitating factors. Hamman's is thus unsurprisingly occasionally known to be associated with asthma (i.e. frequent coughing), alcohol abuse (i.e. frequent vomiting) and inhalational illicit drug use (such as cocaine use). Despite these associations, often, no precipitating cause is found. PathophysiologyMacklin described the pathophysiology of Hamman's syndrome to be barotrauma, whereby rupture of alveolar membranes causes a positive pressure gradient of air from the lungs into the mediastinum (the Macklin effect).[3] Diagnosis{{Empty section|date=November 2017}}TreatmentTreatment is supportive. Hamman's syndrome tends to be benign and self-limiting. It is important to differentiate it from far more serious conditions that have similar symptoms, such as Boerhaave's syndrome. HistoryIt was named after clinician Louis Hamman, M.D.[4][5] References1. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Kostiainen S, Mattila S |title=Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema: hamman's syndrome |journal=Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=44–6 |year=1975 |pmid=1155902 |doi= |url=}} 2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Majer S, Graber P |title=Postpartum pneumomediastinum (Hamman's syndrome) |journal=CMAJ |volume=177 |issue=1 |pages=32 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17606935 |pmc=1896037 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.061581 |url=http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17606935 |format=}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Kelly|first=Steven|author2=Hughes, S |author3=Nixon, S. |author4=Paterson-Brown, S. |title=Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (Hamman's syndrome)|journal=The Surgeon|year=2010|volume=8|issue=2|pages=63–66|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1479666X09000080|doi=10.1016/j.surge.2009.10.007}} 4. ^{{WhoNamedIt|synd|3004}} 5. ^L. V. Hamman. Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema. Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, 1939, 64: 1-21. External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = {{ICD9|518.1}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = }}{{Respiratory pathology}}{{chest trauma}} 3 : Respiratory diseases|Chest trauma|Syndromes |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。