| 词条 | Hanalei River |
| 释义 |
The Hanalei River on the island of Kaua{{okina}}i in Hawaii flows north from the eastern slopes of Mount Wai{{okina}}ale{{okina}}ale for {{convert|15.7|mi}}[1] until it reaches the Pacific Ocean at Hanalei Bay as an estuary. With a long-term mean discharge of 216 cubic feet (6.12 cubic meters) per second,[2] in terms of water flow it is the second-largest river in the state; although its watershed of {{convert|19.1|sqmi|km2}} is only sixth-largest on Kaua{{okina}}i, it encompasses areas of the highest recorded rainfall on the planet and plunges precipitously from its headwaters at {{convert|3500|ft|m}} above sea level. The lower, flatter portion of the river flows by Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge and many taro farms (60% of Hawaii's taro is grown in this area). The Hanalei River provides habitat for a number of amphidromous species, including gobies (5 native varieties), two native species of crustacean, the hīhīwai (Neritina granosa, an edible snail), and in its upper reaches, a threatened species of highly adapted snail (Newcomb's snail, Erinna newcombi). The Hanalei was designated an American Heritage River by US President Bill Clinton on July 30, 1998. The major bridge across the river (still one lane) is on Hawaii Route 560, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii.[3] See also
References1. ^U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed April 28, 2011 2. ^{{cite news |page=2 |author= Fish and Wildlife Service |work= Federal Register |volume= 67 |number= 161 |title= Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Newcomb’s Snail |date= August 20, 2002 |url= http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2002_register&docid=fr20au02-13.pdf }} 3. ^{{cite web |title= Kaua'i Belt Road (North Shore section) nomination form |author= Dawn E. Duensing |work= National Register of Historic Places |date= April 8, 2002 |publisher= U.S. National Park Service |url= {{NRHP url|id=03001048}} |accessdate= 2010-04-30 }} External links
2 : American Heritage Rivers|Rivers of Kauai |
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