| 词条 | Hani language | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Hani |nativename=Haqniqdoq |states=Southern China, Vietnam, Laos, Burma |region= |ethnicity=Hani |speakers={{sigfig|758,600|2}} |date=2007, 1999, 1995 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Sino-Tibetan |fam2=(Tibeto-Burman) |fam3=Lolo–Burmese |fam4=Loloish |fam5=Southern |fam6=Hanoid |iso3=hni |glotto=hani1248 |glottorefname=Hani }} The Hani language (Hani: Haqniqdoq or {{IPA|xa˧˩ɲi˧˩}}; {{zh|s=哈尼语|t=哈尼語|p=Hāníyǔ}}; {{lang-vi|Tiếng Hà Nhì}}) is a language of the Loloish (Yi) branch of the Tibeto-Burman linguistic group spoken in China, Laos, and Vietnam by the Hani people. DistributionIn China, Hani is spoken mostly in areas to the east of the Mekong River in south-central Yunnan province, mostly in Pu'er and Honghe prefectures, as well as in parts of other surrounding prefectures. Hani is also spoken in Lai Châu and Lào Cai provinces of northwestern Vietnam and in Phongsaly Province of Laos along the border with Yunnan. Edmondson (2002) reports that the Hani of Vietnam are distributed in 2 provinces of northwestern Vietnam where two distinct dialects are found, one east of Muong Te and the other to the west. The Hani of Vietnam claim to be able to communicate in the Hani language with ethnic Hani from different areas of Vietnam despite significant geographical barriers. Edmondson (2002), reported that the different Hani speech varieties in Vietnam differ mostly in lexicon. PhonologyHani has three main tones and two types of short vowels. OrthographyOral tradition tells of an ancient written script for Hani but says it was lost when the Hani migrated from Sichuan. In China, Standard Hani, which is based on the Lüchun County dialect, is written using a Romanized script developed by the Chinese government during the 1950s. As with the Latin-based scripts of the Zhuang, Hmong and Iu Mien languages, it uses final consonant letters to represent tone. Consonants in Hani orthography are pronounced the same as in pinyin, with two additional digraphs for voiced fricatives in Hani. The IPA equivalents for letters in Hani orthography are provided below (Zhang 1998).[1]
The vowels in Hani orthography are as follows.[1] After vowels, -v is used to mark tense vowels.
There are four tones, which are marked by letters at the ends of words, or not at all for the mid-level [33].[1] Numerical Chao tones are provided below.
Sample text
See also
References1. ^1 2 Zhang Peizhi [张佩芝]. 1998. Comparative vocabulary lists of the Ha-Ya dialects of the Hani language [哈尼语哈雅方言土语词汇对照]. Kunming: Yunnan Ethnic Publishing House [云南民族出版社].
External links
4 : Southern Loloish languages|Languages of China|Languages of Laos|Languages of Vietnam |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。