| 词条 | Clapper bridge |
| 释义 |
|type_name = Clapper Bridge |image = Tarr Steps 01.jpg |image_title = Tarr Steps, Exmoor, Somerset, England |sibling_names = Log bridge |descendent_names = Arch bridge, trestle |ancestor_names = Step-stone bridge |carries = Pedestrians |span_range = Short |material = Stone |movable = No |design = Low |falsework = No |}} A clapper bridge is an ancient form of bridge found on the moors of Devon (Dartmoor and Exmoor) and in other upland areas of the United Kingdom including Snowdonia and Anglesey, Cumbria, Derbyshire, Yorkshire and Lancashire. It is formed by large flat slabs of stone, often granite or schist, supported on stone piers (across rivers), or resting on the banks of streams. HistoryAlthough often credited with prehistoric origin, most were erected in medieval times, and some in later centuries.[1] They are often situated close to a ford where carts could cross. According to the Dartmoor National Park, the word 'clapper' derives ultimately from an Anglo-Saxon word, cleaca, meaning 'bridging the stepping stones';{{sfnp|Archaeology of Dartmoor|2003|p=59}} the Oxford English Dictionary gives the intermediate Medieval Latin form clapus, claperius, "of Gaulish origin", with an initial meaning of "a pile of stones".[2] ExamplesA fine example, the Postbridge Clapper Bridge (illustration, left), can be found at Postbridge, on Dartmoor. Its slabs are over four metres (13 ft) long, two metres (6 ft 6 in) wide and weigh over eight tons each, making the bridge passable to a small cart. It was first recorded in 1380 and was built to facilitate the transportation of Dartmoor tin by pack horses to the stannary town of Tavistock. Other surviving examples include the Tarr Steps over the River Barle in Exmoor, and Stara Bridge over the River Lynher in east Cornwall. Some larger clapper bridges, such as at Dartmeet and Bellever, have collapsed – their slabs swept away by floods, or raided for building or wall construction. However, there are many other smaller examples in existence on Dartmoor and still in use, such as those at Teignhead Farm (close to Grey Wethers stone circles), Scorhill and across the Wallabrook stream. While the term "clapper bridge" is typically associated with the United Kingdom, other "clapper-style" bridges exist throughout the world. One example is the Anping Bridge in China, which is over two kilometres long. {{clear left}}References{{commons category|Clapper bridges}}1. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk/au-arch.pdf |title=A Guide to the Archaeology of Dartmoor |publisher=Dartmoor National Park Authority |year=2003 |isbn=1-84114-226-3 |ref={{harvid|Archaeology of Dartmoor|2003}} |page=27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006185810/http://www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk/au-arch.pdf |archivedate=6 October 2008 |df=dmy-all }} {{Reflist}}2. ^French and Provençal clapier developed the additional significance of a rabbit warren. (OED, s.v. "clapper".) 6 : Dartmoor|Exmoor|Pedestrian bridges in England|Bridges in Devon|Beam bridges|Footbridges |
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