| 词条 | Hans Kosterlitz |
| 释义 |
|name = Hans Kosterlitz |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_name=Hans Walter Kosterlitz |birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1903|04|27}} |birth_place = Berlin |death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1996|10|26|1903|04|27}} |death_place = |residence = |citizenship = Germany, Great Britain |nationality = British, German (before 1933) |ethnicity = German Jewish |field = Biochemistry |work_institutions = University of Aberdeen |alma_mater = Humboldt University of Berlin |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Endorphins |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |awards = {{no wrap|Harvey Prize {{small|(1981)}} Fellow of the Royal Society {{small|(1978)}}[1] Royal Medal {{small|(1979)}}}} |signature = |spouse=Hannah Greßhöner }}Hans Walter Kosterlitz FRS[1] (27 April 1903 – 26 October 1996) was a German Jewish British biologist.[3]. BiographyKosterlitz earned a Doctor of Medicine (Dr. med) at Humboldt University of Berlin. He emigrated to Scotland in 1934, after the Nazi takeover in Germany led to antisemitic legislation that barred him from his job at Charité in Berlin.[2] The affair shocked him and he fled to the UK, and after obtaining work in the UK, he was able to obtain safe-haven for his mother, brother, and fiancée Hanna. He joined the staff of University of Aberdeen in the same year, as an Assistant in the Physiology Department. Over the years he was a Carnegie Teaching Fellow, Lecturer, Senior Lecturer, and finally Reader. In 1968, Aberdeen established a new Department of Pharmacology, which was headed by Kosterlitz as professor until 1973, when he became director of the university's drug addiction research unit.[3][4] Kosterlitz is best known for his work as one of the key discoverers[2] of endorphins.[5][6] He stimulated the mouse isolated vas deferens electrically and recorded its contractions with a polygraph. He then found that if you added opiates to the solution, the muscle would not contract. Opiates inhibited the contraction. Those contractions were later found to resume in the presence of both opiates and an antagonist such as naloxone. Later, endogenous endorphins were discovered by applying pig brain cell homegenate to the apparatus. This caused the contractions to cease. The degree to which an opiate agonist inhibits contractions of the mouse vas deferens, and other tissues like the guinea pig ileum, is highly correlated to its potency as an analgesic. Kosterlitz was given the Scheele Award in 1977, and shared the Albert Lasker Award with John Hughes and Solomon H. Snyder in 1978 for his work in the discovery of the opiate receptors and their natural ligands. The Kosterlitz Centre at the University of Aberdeen, opened on 16 September 2010, is named in his honor. Hans Kosterlitz was married, since 1937, to Hanna Greßhöner. Their son, J. Michael, is Professor of Physics at Brown University, who won [https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2016/press.html the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2016] References1. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = North | first1 = R. A. | last2 = Hughes | first2 = J. | title = Hans Walter Kosterlitz. 27 April 1903 -- 26 October 1996 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.2012.0037 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | year = 2013 | pmid = | pmc = | volume=59 | pages=171–192}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kosterlitz, Hans}}{{UK-biochemist-stub}}2. ^1 2 Goldberg, Jeff. Anatomy of a Scientific Discovery: The Race to Find the Body's Own Morphine. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., 13 Dec 2013 3. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Lees | first1 = G. M. | title = A tribute to the late Hans W. Kosterlitz: Ploughing the lone furrow | doi = 10.1139/cjpp-76-3-244 | journal = Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology | volume = 76 | issue = 3 | pages = 244–251 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9673787| pmc = }} 4. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Hughes | first1 = J. | title = Hans Kosterlitz (1903–96) | doi = 10.1038/384418a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 384 | issue = 6608 | pages = 418 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8945465 | pmc = }} 5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Hughes | first1 = J. | last2 = Kosterlitz | first2 = H. W. | authorlink2 = Hans Kosterlitz| last3 = Smith | first3 = T. W. | title = The distribution of methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin in the brain and peripheral tissues. 1978| journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 120 | issue = 4 Suppl | pages = 428–436; discussion 436–7 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9142421 | pmc = 3224324 | doi = 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1997.tb06829.x}} 6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Henderson | first1 = G. | last2 = Hughes | first2 = J. | last3 = Kosterlitz | first3 = H. W. | authorlink3 = Hans Kosterlitz| title = A new example of a morphine-sensitive neuro-effector junction: Adrenergic transmission in the mouse vas deferens. 1972 | journal = British Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 120 | issue = 4 Suppl | pages = 396–398; discussion 398–5 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9142417 | pmc = 3224316 | doi = 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1997.tb06821.x}} 14 : 1903 births|1996 deaths|Fellows of the Royal Society|Alumni of the University of Aberdeen|Academics of the University of Aberdeen|Royal Medal winners|Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research|British biochemists|German emigrants to Scotland|German biochemists|German physicians|20th-century British medical doctors|Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom|Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom |
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