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词条 Haplogroup J-M267
释义

  1. Origins

  2. Distribution

     Africa   North Africa and Horn of Africa   Asia  South Asia  West Asia   Levant and Semitic populations    Arabian peninsula   Europe   Caucasus   Subclade Distribution  J-P58   The "YCAII=22-22 and DYS388≥15" cluster   J-M368 

  3. Phylogenetics and distribution

  4. See also

     Genetics  Y-DNA J Subclades  Y-DNA Backbone Tree 

  5. References

     Footnotes  Works Cited  Journals  Websites  Further reading  Phylogenetic Notes 

  6. External links

{{Infobox haplogroup
|name =J-M267
|map=HG J1 (ADN-Y).PNG
|origin-date=17,000[1]–24,000 years before present {{harv|Di Giacomo|2004}}
|origin-place=Western Asia
|ancestor =J-P209
|mutations =M267, L255, L321, L765, L814, L827, L1030
|descendants=J-M62, J-M365.1, J-L136, J-Z1828
}}

Haplogroup J1 redirects here; this page discusses the Y-chromosomal haplogroup of the same name.

{{For|the completely separate and distinct mitochondrial haplogroup also named J1|Haplogroup J (mtDNA)}}

In genetic genealogy and human genetics, Y DNA haplogroup J-M267, also commonly known as haplogroup J1, is a subclade (branch) of Y-DNA haplogroup J-P209 (commonly known as haplogroup J) along with its sibling clade Y DNA haplogroup J-M172 (commonly known as haplogroup J2). (All these haplogroups have had other historical names listed below.[2][3])

Men from this lineage share a common paternal ancestor, which is demonstrated and defined by the presence of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation referred to as M267, which was announced in {{harv|Cinnioğlu|2004}}. This haplogroup is found today in significant frequencies in many areas in or near the Middle East, and parts of the Caucasus, Sudan and Ethiopia. It is also found in high frequencies in parts of North Africa, and amongst Jewish groups, especially those with Cohen surnames. It can also be found much less commonly, but still occasionally in significant amounts, in parts of southern Europe and as far east as Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}

Origins

Since the discovery of haplogroup J-P209 it has generally been recognized that it shows signs of having originated in or near West Asia.[2] The frequency and diversity of both its major branches, J-M267 and J-M172, in that region makes them candidates as genetic markers of the spread of farming technology during the Neolithic, which is proposed to have had a major impact upon human populations.

J-M267 has several recognized subclades, some of which were recognized before J-M267 itself was recognized, for example J-M62 {{harvnb|Y Chromosome Consortium "YCC"|2002}}. With one notable exception, J-P58, most of these are not common {{harv|Tofanelli|2009}}. Because of the dominance of J-P58 in J-M267 populations in many areas, discussion of J-M267's origins require a discussion of J-P58 at the same time.

Distribution

Africa

North Africa and Horn of Africa

North Africa received Semitic migrations, according to some studies it may have been diffused in recent time by Arabs who, mainly from the 7th century a.d., expanded to northern Africa ({{harvnb|Arredi|2004}} and {{harvnb|Semino|2004}}). However the Canary islands is not known to have had any Semitic language. In North Africa J-M267 is dominated by J-P58, and dispersed in a very uneven manner according to studies so far, often but not always being lower among Berber and/or non-urban populations. In Ethiopia there are signs of older movements of J-M267 into Africa across the Red Sea, not only in the J-P58 form. This also appears to be associated with Semitic languages. According to a study in 2011, in Tunisia, J-M267 is significantly more abundant in the urban (31.3%) than in the rural total population (2.5%). According to the authors, these results could be explained by supposing that Arabization in Tunisia was a military enterprise, therefore, mainly driven by men that displaced native Berbers to geographically marginal areas but they frequently married Berber women {{harv|Ennafaa|2011}}.

PopulationSample sizeJ*(xJ-M172)total J-M267J-M267(xP58)J-P58publicationprevious research on same samples
Algeria (Arabs from Oran)102NA22.5%NANARobino|2007}}
Algeria20NA35%NANASemino|2004}}
Egypt147NA21.1%1.4%19.7%Chiaroni|2009}}Luis|2004}}
Egypt124NA19.8%NANAEl-Sibai|2009}}
Egypt (Western Desert)35NA31.4%NANAKujanová|2009}}
Libya (Tuareg)47NA0.0%NANAOttoni|2011}}
Libya (Benghazi)238NA39.5%NANAAlvarez 2014[3] Elmrghni 2012
Morocco (Amizmiz Valley)33NA0%NANAAlvarez|2009}}
Morocco221NA5%NANAFregel et al. (2009)
Morocco (Arabs)49NA10.2%NANASemino|2004}}
Morocco (Arabs)44NA13.6%NANASemino|2004}}
Morocco (Berbers)64NA6.3%NANASemino|2004}}
Morocco (Berbers)103NA7.8%NANASemino|2004}}
Morocco (Rabat)267NA21.3%NANAAlvarez 2014Aboukhalid 2010
Morocco (Casablanca)166NA15.7%NANAAlvarez 2014 Laouina 2011
Morocco (Figuig Oasis)96NA29.2%NANAAlvarez 2014 Palet 2010
Morocco (El Jadida)49NA8.2%NANAAlvarez 2014
Morocco (Fes)108NA16.7%0.0%16.7%Regueiro 2015
Tunisia73NA30.1%NANASemino|2004}}
Tunisia601Na16.64%NANAPestano J, et al. (2013)[4]
Tunisia (Sousse)220NA25.9%0.0%25.9%Fadhlaoui-Zid 2015[5]
Tunisia (Tunis)148NA32.4%1.3%31.1%Grugni|2012}}Arredi|2004}}
Tunisia52NA34.6%NANAOnofri|2008}}
Tunisia (Bou Omrane Berbers)40NA0%NANAEnnafaa|2011}}
Tunisia (Bou Saad Berbers)40NA5%0%5%Ennafaa|2011}}
Tunisia (Jerbian Arabs)46NA8.7%NANAEnnafaa|2011}}
Tunisia (Jerbian Berbers)47NA0%NANAEnnafaa|2011}}
Tunisia (Sened Berbers)35NA31.4%0%31.4%Fadhlaoui-Zid|2011}}
Tunisia (Andalusian Zaghouan)32NA43.8%0%43.8%Fadhlaoui-Zid|2011}}
Tunisia (Cosmopolitan Tunis)33NA24.20%24.2%Fadhlaoui-Zid|2011}}
Tunisia (Sejenane)47NA34.0%NANAAlvarez 2014 Frigi 2011
Tunisia (Sfax)56NA25%0.0%25%Regueiro 2015
Tunisia (Beja)72NA15.3%0.0%15.3%Regueiro 2015
Canary Islands (pre-Hispanic)30NA16.7%NANAFregel|2009}}
Canary Islands (17th-18thC)42NA11.9%NANAFregel|2009}}
Canary Islands652NA3.5%NANAFregel|2009}}
Sahrawi89NA20.2%NANAFregel|2009}}Bosch|2001}} and {{harvnb|Flores|2001}}
Sudan (Khartoum)35NA74.3%0.0%74.3%Chiaroni|2009}}Tofanelli|2009}} and {{harvnb|Hassan|2008}}
Sudan-Arabic35NA17.1%0.0%17.1%Chiaroni|2009}}Hassan|2008}}
Sudan (Nilo-Saharan languages)61NA4.9%3.3%1.6%Chiaroni|2009}}Hassan|2008}}
Ethiopia Oromo78NA2.6%2.6%0.0%Chiaroni|2009}}Semino|2004}}
Ethiopia Amhara48NA29.2%8.3%20.8%Chiaroni|2009}}Semino|2004}}
Ethiopia Arsi8522%NANANAMoran|2004}}
Ethiopia General9521%NANANAMoran|2004}}
Comoros Islands293NA5.0%NANAMsaidie|2011}}
Somali [https://www.nature.com/articles/5201390/figures/1]2010.52.5 -3%NA2.5%[https://www.nature.com/articles/5201390 Sanchez 2005]J-P58 might be 5% in upcoming study

Asia

South Asia

J*(xJ-M172) was found in India among Indian Muslims.[6]

PopulationSample sizeJ*(xJ-M172)total J-M267J-M267(xP58)J-P58Publication
India (Indian Shia)16110.6%NANANAEaaswarkhanth|2009}}
India (Indian Sunni)1292.3%NANANAEaaswarkhanth|2009}}
India (Mappla)4010%NANANAEaaswarkhanth|2009}}

West Asia

The area including eastern Turkey and the Zagros and Taurus mountains, has been identified as a likely area of ancient J-M267 diversity. Both J-P58 and other types of J-M267 are present, sometimes with similar frequencies.

PopulationSample sizeTotal J-M267J-M267(xP58)J-P58PublicationPrevious research on same samples
Turkey5239.0%3.1%5.9%Chiaroni|2009}}Cinnioğlu|2004}}
Iran15011.3%2.7%8.7%Chiaroni|2009}}Regueiro|2006}}
Kurds Iraq9311.8%4.3%7.5%Chiaroni|2009}}
Assyrians modern Iraq2828.6%17.9%10.7%Chiaroni|2009}}
Iraq Arabs5664.1%1.8%25.0%Chiaroni|2009}}Tofanelli|2009}}
Assyrians Iran3116.1%9.7%6.5%Chiaroni|2009}}
Iran923.2%NANAEl-Sibai|2009}}
Assyrians Turkey2520.0%16.0%4.0%Chiaroni|2009}}

Levant and Semitic populations

J-M267 is very common throughout this region, dominated by J-P58, but some specific sub-populations have notably low frequencies.

PopulationSample sizeTotal J-M267J-M267(xP58)J-P58PublicationPrevious research on same samples
Syria55433.6%NANAEl-Sibai|2009}}Zalloua|2008}}
Druzes (Djebel Druze)3414.7%2.9%11.8%Chiaroni|2009}}
Syria (Sunni from Hama)3647.2%2.8%44.4%Chiaroni|2009}}
Syria (Ma'loula Aramaean)446.8%4.5%2.3%Chiaroni|2009}}
Syria (Sednaya Syriac Catholic)1414.3%0.0%14.3%Chiaroni|2009}}
Syriac Catholic Damascus429.5%0.0%9.5%Chiaroni|2009}}
Alawites Syria4526.7%0.0%26.7%Chiaroni|2009}}
Assyrian NE Syria303.3%0.0%3.3%Chiaroni|2009}}
Ismaili Damascus5158.8%0.0%58.8%Chiaroni|2009}}
Lebanon95118.5%NANAZalloua|2008}}
Galilee Druze17213.4%1.2%12.2%Chiaroni|2009}}Shlush|2008}}
Palestinians (Akka (Acre))10139.2%NANAZalloua|2008}}
Palestinian4932.7%0.0%32.7%Chiaroni|2009}}
Jordan7648.7%0.0%48.7%Chiaroni|2009}}
Jordan27335.5%NANAEl-Sibai|2009}}
Jordan (Amman)10140.6%NANAFlores|2005}}
Jordan (Dead Sea)458.9%NANAFlores|2005}}
Jews (Portugal/Trás-os-Montes)5712.3%NANANogueiro|2009}}
Jews (Cohanim)21546.0%0.0%46.0%Hammer|Behar|2009}}
Ashkenazi Jews (non Cohanim)1,36014.9%0.9%14.0%Hammer|2009}}
Bedouin Negev2867.9%3.6%64.3%Chiaroni|2009}}Cann|2002}}

Arabian peninsula

{{Update|date=January 2018}}

J-P58 is the most common Y-Chromosome haplogroup among men from all of this region.

PopulationSample sizeTotal J-M267J-M267(xP58)J-P58PublicationPrevious research on same samples
Saudi Arabia15740.1%NANAAbu-Amero|2009}}
Qatar7258.3%1.4%56.9%Chiaroni|2009}}Cadenas|2007}}
UAE16434.8%0.0%34.8%Chiaroni|2009}}Cadenas|2007}}
Yemen6272.6%4.8%67.7%Chiaroni|2009}}Cadenas|2007}}
Kuwait4233.3%NANAEl-Sibai|2009}}
Oman12138.0%0.8%37.2%Chiaroni|2009}}Luis|2004}}

Europe

J-M267 is uncommon in most of Northern and Central Europe. It is, however, found in significant pockets at levels of 5–10% among many populations in southern Europe.

PopulationSample sizeTotal J-M267J-M267(xP58)J-P58publication
Malta907.8%NANAEl-Sibai|2009}}[7]
Crete1938.3%NANAKing|2008}}
Greece (mainland)1714.7%NANAKing|2008}}
Macedonia (Greece)561.8%NANASemino|2004}}
Greece2491.6%NANADi Giacomo|2004}}
Bulgaria8083.4%NANAKarachanak|2013}}
Romania1301.5%NANADi Giacomo|2004}}
Russia2230.4%NANADi Giacomo|2004}}
Republic of Macedonia Albanian speakers646.3%NANABattaglia|2008}}
Albania563.6%NANASemino|2004}}
Croats (Osijek)290.0%NANABattaglia|2008}}
Slovenia751.3%NANABattaglia|2008}}
Italians (northeast)670.0%NANABattaglia|2008}}
Italians9150.7%NANACapelli|2009}}
Sicily2363.8%NANADi Gaetano|2008}}
Provence512%NANAKing|2011}}
Portugal (North)1011.0%NANAGonçalves|2005}}
Portugal (Centre)1024.9%NANAGonçalves|2005}}
Portugal (South)1007.0%NANAGonçalves|2005}}
Açores1212.5%NANAGonçalves|2005}}
Madeira1290.0%NANAGonçalves|2005}}

Caucasus

The Caucasus has areas of both high and low J-M267 frequency. The J-M267 in the Caucasus is also notable because most of it is not within the J-P58 subclade.

PopulationSample sizeTotal J-M267J-M267(xP58)J-P58Publication
Avars11559.0%58.0%1.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Dargins10170.0%69.0%1.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Kubachi6599.0%99.0%0.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Kaitak3385.0%85.0%0.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Lezghins8144.4%44.4%0.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Shapsug1000.0%0.0%0.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Abkhaz580.0%0.0%0.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Circassians14211.9%4.9%7.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Ingush1432.8%2.8%0.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Ossets3571.3%1.3%0.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Chechens (Ingushetia)11221.0%21.0%0.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Chechens (Chechnya)11825.0%25.0%0.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Chechens (Dagestan)10016.0%16.0%0.0%Balanovsky|2011}}
Azerbaijan4615.2%NANADi Giacomo|2004}}

Subclade Distribution

J-P58

The P58 marker which defines subgroup J1c3 was announced in {{harv|Karafet|2008}}, but had been announced earlier under the name Page08 in ({{Harvnb|Repping|2006}} and called that again in {{harvnb|Chiaroni|2011}}). It is very prevalent in many areas where J-M267 is common, especially in parts of North Africa and throughout the Arabian peninsula. It also makes up approximately 70% of the J-M267 among the Amhara of Ethiopia. Notably, it is not common among the J-M267 of the Caucasus.

{{harvnb|Chiaroni|2009}} proposed that J-P58 (that they refer to as J1e) might have first dispersed during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period, "from a geographical zone, including northeast Syria, northern Iraq and eastern Turkey toward Mediterranean Anatolia, Ismaili from southern Syria, Jordan, Palestine and northern Egypt." They further propose that the Zarzian material culture may be ancestral. They also propose that this movement of people may also be linked to the dispersal of Semitic languages by hunter-herders, who moved into arid areas during periods known to have had low rainfall. Thus, while other haplogroups including J-M267 moved out of the area with agriculturalists who followed the rainfall, populations carrying J-M267 remained with their flocks ({{harvnb|King|2002}} and {{harvnb|Chiaroni|2008}}).

According to this scenario, after the initial neolithic expansion involving Semitic languages, which possibly reached as far as Yemen, a more recent dispersal occurred during the Chalcolithic or Early Bronze Age (approximately 3000–5000 BCE), and this involved the branch of Semitic which leads to the Arabic language. The authors propose that this involved a spread of some J-P58 from the direction of Syria towards Arab populations of the Arabian Peninsula and Negev.

On the other hand, the authors agree that later waves of dispersion in and around this area have also had complex effects upon the distributions of some types of J-P58 in some regions. They list three regions which are particularly important to their proposal:

  1. The Levant (Syria, Jordan, Israel and Palestine). In this area, {{harvnb|Chiaroni|2009}} note a "patchy distribution of J1c3 or J-P58 frequency" which is difficult to interpret, and which "may reflect the complex demographic dynamics of religion and ethnicity in the region".
  2. The Eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq and western Iran. In this area, {{harvnb|Chiaroni|2009}} recognize signs that J-M267 might have an older presence, and on balance they accept the evidence but note that it could be in error.
  3. The southern area of Oman, Yemen and Ethiopia. In this area, {{harvnb|Chiaroni|2009}} recognize similar signs, but reject it as possibly a result of "either sampling variability and/or demographic complexity associated with multiple founders and multiple migrations."

The "YCAII=22-22 and DYS388≥15" cluster

Studies show that J-P58 group is not only in itself very dominant in many areas where J-M267 or J1 are common, but it also contains a large cluster which had been recognized before the discovery of P58. It is still a subject of research though.

This relatively young cluster, compared to J-M267 overall, was identified by STR markers haplotypes - specifically YCAII as 22-22, and DYS388 having unusual repeat values of 15 or higher, instead of more typical 13 {{harv|Chiaroni|2011}} This cluster was found to be relevant in some well-publicized studies of Jewish and Palestinian populations ({{harvnb|Nebel|2000}} and {{harvnb|Hammer|2009}}). More generally, since then this cluster has been found to be frequent among men in the Middle East and North Africa, but less frequent in areas of Ethiopia and Europe where J-M267 is nevertheless common. The genetical pattern is therefore similar to the pattern of J-P58 generally, described above, and may be caused by the same movements/migration of people {{harv|Chiaroni|2009}}.

{{harvnb|Tofanelli|2009}} refers to this overall cluster with YCAII=22-22 and high DYS388 values as an "Arabic" as opposed to a "Eurasian" type of J-M267. This Arabic type includes Arabic speakers from Maghreb, Sudan, Iraq and Qatar, and it is a relatively homogeneous group, implying that it might have dispersed relatively recently compared to J-M267 generally. The more diverse "Eurasian" group includes Europeans, Kurds, Iranians and Ethiopians (despite Ethiopia being outside of Eurasia), and is much more diverse. The authors also say that "Omanis show a mix of Eurasian pool-like and typical Arabic haplotypes as expected, considering the role of corridor played at different times by the Gulf of Oman in the dispersal of Asian and East African genes." {{harvnb|Chiaroni|2009}} also noted the anomalously high apparent age of Omani J-M267 when looking more generally at J-P58 and J-M267 more generally.

This cluster in turn contains three well-known related sub-clusters. First, it contains the majority of the Jewish "Cohen modal haplotype", found among Jewish populations, but especially in men with surnames related to Cohen. It also contains the "Galilee modal haplotype" (GMH) and "Palestinian & Israeli Arab modal haplotype", both of which are associated with Palestinian/Israeli Arabs by {{harvnb|Nebel|2000}} and {{harvnb|Hammer|2009}}. {{harvnb|Nebel|2002}} then pointed out that the GMH is also the most frequent type of J-P209 haplotype found in north-west Africans and Yemenis, so it is not restricted to Israel and Palestine. However, this particular variant "is absent" from two particular "non-Arab Middle Eastern populations", namely "Jews and Muslim Kurds" (even though both of these populations do have high levels of J-P209). {{harvnb|Nebel|2002}} noted not only the presence of the GMH in the Maghreb but also that J-M267 in this region had very little diversity. They concluded that J-M267 in this region is a result of two distinct migration events: "early Neolithic dispersion" and "expansions from the Arabian peninsula" during the 7th century.{{harvnb|Semino|2004}} later agreed that this seemed consistent with the evidence and generalized from this that distribution of the entire YCAII=22-22 cluster of J-M267 in the Arabic-speaking areas of the Middle East and North Africa might in fact mainly have an origin in historical times.

More recent studies have emphasized doubt that the Islamic expansions are old enough to completely explain the major patterns of J-M267 frequencies. {{harvnb|Chiaroni|2009}} rejected this for J-P58 as a whole, but accepted that "some of the populations with low diversity, such as Bedouins from Israel, Qatar, Sudan and UAE, are tightly clustered near high-frequency haplotypes suggesting founder effects with star burst expansion in the Arabian Desert". They did not comment on the Maghreb.

{{harvnb|Tofanelli|2009}} take a stronger position of rejecting any strong correlation between the Arab expansion and either the YCAII=22-22 STR-defined sub-cluster as discussed by {{harvnb|Semino|2004}} or the smaller "Galilee modal haplotype" as discussed by {{harv|Nebel|2002}}. They also estimate that the Cohen modal haplotype must be older than 4500 years old, and maybe as much as 8600 years old - well before the supposed origin of the Cohanim. Only the so-called Palestinian & Israeli Arab modal had a strong correlation to an ethnic group, but it was also rare. In conclusion, the authors were negative about the usefulness of STR defined modals for any "forensic or genealogical purposes" because "they were found across ethnic groups with different cultural or geographic affiliation".{{harvnb|Hammer|2009}} disagreed, at least concerning the Cohen modal haplotype. They said that it was necessary to look at a more detailed STR haplotype in order to define a new "Extended Cohen Modal Haplotype" which is extremely rare outside Jewish populations, and even within Jewish populations is mainly only found in Cohanim. They also said that by using more markers and a more restrictive definition, the estimated age of the Cohanim lineage is lower than the estimates of {{harvnb|Tofanelli|2009}}, and it is consistent with a common ancestor at the approximate time of founding of the priesthood which is the source of Cohen surnames.

J-M368

The correspondence between P58 and high DYS388 values, and YCAII=22-22 is not perfect. For example the J-M267 subclade of J-P58 defined by SNP M368 has DYS388=13 and YCAII=19-22, like other types of J-M267 outside the "Arabic" type of J-M267, and it is therefore believed to be a relatively old offshoot of J-P58, that did not take part in the most recent waves of J-M267 expansion in the Middle East {{harv|Chiaroni|2009}}. These DYS388=13 haplotypes are most common in the Caucasus and Anatolia, but also found in Ethiopia {{harv|Tofanelli|2009}}.

Phylogenetics and distribution

There are several confirmed and proposed phylogenetic trees available for haplogroup J-M267. The following phylogeny or family tree of J-M267 haplogroup subclades is based on the ISOGG (2012) tree, which is in turn based upon the YCC 2008 tree and subsequent published research.

J1 (L255, L321, M267)
  • J1 J1 clusters are found in Eastern Anatolia and parts of the Caucasus.
  • J1a (M62) is found in a very small frequency in Britain.
  • J1b (M365.1) found in a small frequency in Eastern Anatolia, Iran and parts of Europe.
  • J1c (L136)
    • J1c Found in a very small frequency in Europe.
    • J1c1 (M390)
    • J1c2 (P56) found sporadically in Anatolia, East Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Europe.
    • J1c3
    • J1c3 found in a low frequency in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula.
    • J1c3a (M367.1, M368.1) - formerly J1e1.
    • J1c3b (M369) - formerly J1e2.
    • J1c3c (L92, L93) found in a small frequency in South Arabia.
    • J1c3d (L147.1) accounts for the majority J1, the predominant haplogroup in the Arabian peninsula.
    • J1c3d accounts for the majority of J1 in Yemen, Cohen Jews and Ethiopia. as well as Quraysh including Seyyed.
    • J1c3d1 (L174.1)
    • J1c3d2 (L222.2) Found in the majority of J1c3d in Saudi Arabia. An important element of J1c3d in North Africa.
    • J1c3d2
    • J1c3d2a (L65.2/S159.2)
    • Jl829 found in a part of Idrisid family

See also

Genetics

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
  • Archaeogenetics of the Near East
  • Genetic history of Europe
  • Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
  • Genetic Genealogy
  • Haplogroup
  • Haplotype
  • Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
  • Molecular phylogenetics
  • Paragroup
  • Subclade
  • Y-chromosomal Aaron
  • Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of East and Southeast Asia
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Near East
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa
  • Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
  • Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group

}}

Y-DNA J Subclades

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
  • J-P58
  • J-P209
  • J-M172
  • J-M267

}}

Y-DNA Backbone Tree

{{Y-DNA}}

References

1. ^[https://yfull.com/tree/J1/ J1]
2. ^{{Cite journal | doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.166|pmid = 19826455| pmc=2987219| title=The emergence of Y-chromosome haplogroup J1e among Arabic-speaking populations| journal=European Journal of Human Genetics| volume=18| issue=3| pages=348–353| year=2010| last1=Chiaroni| first1=Jacques| last2=King| first2=Roy J.| last3=Myres| first3=Natalie M.| last4=Henn| first4=Brenna M.| last5=Ducourneau| first5=Axel| last6=Mitchell| first6=Michael J.| last7=Boetsch| first7=Gilles| last8=Sheikha| first8=Issa| last9=Lin| first9=Alice A.| last10=Nik-Ahd| first10=Mahnoosh| last11=Ahmad| first11=Jabeen| last12=Lattanzi| first12=Francesca| last13=Herrera| first13=Rene J.| last14=Ibrahim| first14=Muntaser E.| last15=Brody| first15=Aaron| last16=Semino| first16=Ornella| last17=Kivisild| first17=Toomas| last18=Underhill| first18=Peter A.}}
3. ^{{Cite journal | doi=10.1002/ajhb.22602| pmid=25123837|title = Y-chromosome analysis in a Northwest Iberian population: Unraveling the impact of Northern African lineages| journal=American Journal of Human Biology| volume=26| issue=6| pages=740–746|year = 2014|last1 = Alvarez|first1 = Luis| last2=Ciria| first2=Estela| last3=Marques| first3=Sofia L.| last4=Santos| first4=Cristina| last5=Aluja| first5=Maria Pilar}}
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5. ^Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. 2015, Sousse: extreme genetic heterogeneity in North Africa, Journal of Human Genetics (2015) 60, 41–49; {{doi|10.1038/jhg.2014.99}}; published online 4 December 2014
6. ^{{cite journal | pmc = 2859343 | pmid=19809480 | doi=10.1038/ejhg.2009.168 | volume=18 | issue=3 | title=Traces of sub-Saharan and Middle Eastern lineages in Indian Muslim populations | date=March 2010 | journal=Eur. J. Hum. Genet. | pages=354–63 | last1 = Eaaswarkhanth | first1 = M | last2 = Haque | first2 = I | last3 = Ravesh | first3 = Z | display-authors = etal }}
7. ^El-Sibai et al.,2009, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312577/table/T1 Percentage of haplogroups]
8. ^1 This table shows the historic names for J-P209 (AKA J-12f2.1 or J-M304) in published peer reviewed literature. Note that in Semino 2000 Eu09 is a subclade of Eu10 and in Karafet 2001 24 is a subclade of 23.{| class="wikitable"|-! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|J-P209
(AKA J-12f2.1 or J-M304)|-| Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000||9|-| Underhill 2000||VI|-| Hammer 2001||Med|-| Karafet 2001||23|-| Semino 2000||Eu10|-| Su 1999||H4|-| Capelli 2001||B|-| YCC 2002 (Longhand)||J*|-| YCC 2005 (Longhand)||J|-| YCC 2008 (Longhand)||J|-| YCC 2010r (Longhand)||J|-|}
9. ^1 This table shows the historic names for J-M267 and its earlier discovered and named subclade J-M62 in published peer reviewed literature.{| class="wikitable"|-! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand)! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|J-M267! align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|J-M62|-| Jobling and Tyler-Smith 2000||-||9|-| Underhill 2000||-||VI|-| Hammer 2001||-||Med|-| Karafet 2001||-||23|-| Semino 2000||-||Eu10|-| Su 1999||-||H4|-| Capelli 2001||-||B|-| YCC 2002 (Longhand)||-||J1|-| YCC 2005 (Longhand)||J1||J1a|-| YCC 2008 (Longhand)||J1||J1a|-| YCC 2010r (Longhand)||J1||J1a|-|}

Footnotes

{{reflist|group=Note}}

Works Cited

Journals

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| title=Phylogeographic analysis of paternal lineages in NE Portuguese Jewish communities
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Websites

Haplogroups/Phylogeny

  • {{Cite web|author=ISOGG|authorlink=ISOGG|author2=Schrack, Janzen|title=Y-DNA Haplogroup J and its Subclades|website=|publisher=International Society of Genetic Genealogists "ISOGG"|year=2013|url=http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpJ.html|doi=|accessdate=}} Ongoing Corrections/Additions by citizen scientists.

Haplotype/SNP research Projects. See also Y-DNA haplogroup projects (ISOGG Wiki)

  • {{cite web|last1=Schrack|last2=Janzen|last3=Rottensteiner|last4=Ricci|last5=Mas|year=2013|title=Y-DNA J Haplogroup Project|url=http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Y-DNA_J/|publisher=Family Tree DNA}} This is an ongoing research project by citizen scientists. Over 2300 members.
    • {{cite web|last1=Givargidze|last2=Hrechdakian|year=2013|title=J1 Y-DNA Project|url=http://www.familytreedna.com/public/J1_asterisk_Y-DNA/|publisher=Family Tree DNA}} This is an ongoing research project by citizen scientists. Over 150 members.
    • {{cite web|last1=Al Haddad|year=2013|title=J1c3 (J-L147)|url=http://www.familytreedna.com/public/j1el147/|publisher=Family Tree DNA}} This is an ongoing research project by citizen scientists. Over 550 members.
    • {{cite web|last1=Cone|last2=Al Gazzah|last3=Sanders|year=2013|title=J-M172 Y-DNA Project (J2)|url=http://www.familytreedna.com/public/J2%20Y%20DNA%20group/|publisher=Family Tree DNA}} This is an ongoing research project by citizen scientists. Over 1050 members.
    • {{cite web|last1=Aburto|last2=Katz|last3=Al Gazzah|last4=Janzen|year=2013|title=J-L24-Y-DNA Haplogroup Project (J2a1h)|url=http://www.familytreedna.com/public/J-L24-Y-DNA/|publisher=Family Tree DNA}} This is an ongoing research project by citizen scientists. Over 450 members.

Haplogroup-Specific Ethnic/Geographical Group Projects

  • {{cite web|last1=Eddali|year=2013|title=Arab Tribes|url=http://www.familytreedna.com/public/arab%20tribes/|publisher=Family Tree DNA}} This is an ongoing research project by citizen scientists. Over 950 J members.
  • {{cite web|last1=Al Gazzah|year=2013|title=J2-Middle East Project مشروع سلالة ج2 في العالم العربي والشرق الأوسط|url=http://www.familytreedna.com/public/j2-arab/|publisher=Family Tree DNA}} This is an ongoing research project by citizen scientists. Over 400 members.

Further reading

  • {{Cite journal|last1=Behar|year=2003|title=Multiple Origins of Ashkenazi Levites: Y Chromosome Evidence for Both Near Eastern and European Ancestries|first1=Doron M.|last2=Thomas|first2=Mark G.|last3=Skorecki|first3=Karl|last4=Hammer|first4=Michael F.|last5=Bulygina|first5=Ekaterina|last6=Rosengarten|first6=Dror|last7=Jones|first7=Abigail L.|last8=Held|first8=Karen|last9=Moses|first9=Vivian|last10=Goldstein|first10=David|last11=Bradman|first11=Neil|last12=Weale|first12=Michael E.|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=73|issue=4|pages=768–79|ref=harv|pmid=13680527|pmc=1180600|display-authors=8|doi=10.1086/378506}}
  • {{Cite journal|last1=Behar|year=2004|title=Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non-Jewish European populations|first1=Doron M.|last2=Garrigan|first2=Daniel|last3=Kaplan|first3=Matthew E.|last4=Mobasher|first4=Zahra|last5=Rosengarten|first5=Dror|last6=Karafet|first6=Tatiana M.|last7=Quintana-Murci|first7=Lluis|last8=Ostrer|first8=Harry|last9=Skorecki|first9=Karl|last10=Hammer|first10=Michael F.|journal=Human Genetics|volume=114|issue=4|pages=354–65|pmid=14740294|ref=harv|display-authors=8|doi=10.1007/s00439-003-1073-7}}
  • {{Cite journal|last1=Consortium|year=2002|title=A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups|first1=T. Y C.|journal=Genome Research|volume=12|issue=2|pages=339–48|pmid=11827954|pmc=155271|ref=harv|doi=10.1101/gr.217602}}
  • {{Cite journal|last1=Firasat|year=2006|title=Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan|first1=Sadaf|last2=Khaliq|first2=Shagufta|last3=Mohyuddin|first3=Aisha|last4=Papaioannou|first4=Myrto|last5=Tyler-Smith|first5=Chris|last6=Underhill|first6=Peter A|last7=Ayub|first7=Qasim|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=15|pages=121–6|pmid=17047675|issue=1|pmc=2588664|ref=harv|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726}}
  • {{Cite journal|last1=Flores|year=2004|title=Reduced genetic structure of the Iberian peninsula revealed by Y-chromosome analysis: Implications for population demography|first1=Carlos|last2=Maca-Meyer|first2=Nicole|last3=González|first3=Ana M|last4=Oefner|first4=Peter J|last5=Shen|first5=Peidong|last6=Pérez|first6=Jose A|last7=Rojas|first7=Antonio|last8=Larruga|first8=Jose M|last9=Underhill|first9=Peter A|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|volume=12|issue=10|pages=855–63|pmid=15280900|ref=harv|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201225}}
  • {{Cite journal|last1=Semino|year=2000|title=The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective|first1=O.|journal=Science|volume=290|issue=5494|pages=1155–9|pmid=11073453|last2=Passarino|first2=G|last3=Oefner|first3=PJ|last4=Lin|first4=AA|last5=Arbuzova|first5=S|last6=Beckman|first6=LE|last7=De Benedictis|first7=G|last8=Francalacci|first8=P|last9=Kouvatsi|first9=A|last10=Limborska|first10=S|last11=Marcikiae|first11=M|last12=Mika|first12=A|last13=Mika|first13=B|last14=Primorac|first14=D|last15=Santachiara-Benerecetti|first15=A. S.|last16=Cavalli-Sforza|first16=L. L.|last17=Underhill|first17=P. A.|ref=harv|display-authors=8|doi=10.1126/science.290.5494.1155}}

Phylogenetic Notes

{{reflist|group=Phylogenetics|refs=[8][9]
}}

External links

  • J-M267 Ancient Samples Map
  • J-M267 Relevant Publications
  • Y-Full J-M267 Phylogenetic Tree
  • J-M267 Phylogenetic Tree
  • J project and J1-M267 project
  • J1b Project
  • Y-DNA Haplogroup J and its Subclades - 2011

1 : Human Y-DNA haplogroups
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