| 词条 | Harbin Z-9 | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Harbin Z-9 (NATO reporting name "Haitun", {{zh|海豚}} for Dolphin[1]) is a Chinese military utility helicopter with civilian variants. It is a licensed variant of the French Eurocopter AS365 Dauphin, and is manufactured by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation. Design and developmentThe first Z-9 flew in 1981, and was built in China from components supplied by Aérospatiale as part of a production patent bought on 15 October 1980.[2] On 16 January 1992, the indigenous variant Z-9B, constructed with 70% Chinese-made parts, flew successfully. The flight test was completed in November 1992 and the design was finalized a month later. Z-9B production began in 1993 and entered PLA service in 1994.[3] The Z-9B features 11-blade Fenestron faired-in tail rotor with wider-chord, all-composite blades replacing the 13-blade in AS 365N. As a light tactical troop transport, the Z-9 has the capacity to transport 10 fully armed soldiers. Generally the Z-9 is identical to the AS 365N Dauphin, though later variants of the Z-9 incorporate more composite materials to increase structural strength and lower radar signature. The helicopter has a four-blade main rotor, with two turboshaft engines mounted side by side on top of the cabin with engine layout identical to the AS 365N. The Z-9 teardrop-shaped body features a tapered boom to the tail fin, with rounded nose and stepped-up cockpit, and retractable gear and all flat bottom. In 2002, Harbin obtained Chinese certification for the new H410A variant of the Z-9, which featured more powerful Turbomeca Arriel 2C turboshaft engines; Eurocopter issued official objections to Harbin's decision to continue production in spite of the license-production agreement having expired, leading to a period of highly sensitive international negotiations to resolve the dispute.[4] VariantsAn armed variant has been fielded by the PLA since the early 1990s as the WZ-9 or Z-9W, with pylons fitted for anti-tank missiles. These helicopters lack the maneuverability and survivability of a proper attack helicopter, and merely provide a stopgap during the development of the WZ-10. The latest armed version, the Z-9W, was introduced in 2005 and has night attack capabilities, with an under-nose low-light TV and infra-red observing and tracking unit. The naval version introduced in the 1990s is known as the Z-9C. As well as SAR and ASW duties, the Z-9C can be fitted with an X-band KLC-1 surface search radar to detect surface targets beyond the range of shipborne radar systems.[5]
Operators
Specifications (Z-9B){{Aircraft specs|ref=[14] |prime units?=met
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}} References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Listings_Misc|title=Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles|first=Andreas|last=Parsch|author2=Aleksey V. Martynov|year=2008|work=Designation-Systems.net|accessdate=2010-04-13}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hafei.com/hafeien/hahang_history_80.htm |title=哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 |publisher=Hafei.com |accessdate=2013-11-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403214416/http://www.hafei.com/hafeien/hahang_history_80.htm |archivedate=3 April 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 3. ^{{cite news | title=Z-9 Utility Helicopter | date=2007-01-06 | publisher=SinoDefence.com | url=http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/helicopter/z9.asp | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230045553/http://sinodefence.com/airforce/helicopter/z9.asp | archivedate=30 December 2006 | df=dmy-all }} 4. ^"China Approves Re-engine Z-9 Twin." Flight International, July 2002. p. 43. 5. ^{{cite news | first= | last= | title=Z-9C (AS 565 Panther) Naval Helicopter | date=2007-07-28 | publisher=SinoDefence.com | url=http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/helicopter/z9c.asp | work= | pages= | accessdate=2008-03-26 | language= | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317041346/http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/helicopter/z9c.asp | archivedate=17 March 2008 | df=dmy-all }} 6. ^http://thenews.jang.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87912{{Dead link|date=April 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hafei.com/cp-4.htm|title=航空工业哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司|author=|date=|website=www.hafei.com|accessdate=16 April 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/harbin-z9w-attack-helicopter-china/ |title=Harbin Z-9W Attack Helicopter |publisher=Army Technology |date=2011-06-15 |accessdate=2013-11-16}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://airforceworld.com/pla/z9-helicopter-china-2.htm#z9wa |title=Z-9WA attack helicopter |work=AirForceWorld.com |accessdate=12 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909123534/http://airforceworld.com/pla/z9-helicopter-china-2.htm#z9wa |archivedate=9 September 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://club.china.com/data/thread/1013/2713/82/91/8_1.html|title=Z-9 HMS|author=|date=|website=china.com|accessdate=16 April 2018}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web |last = |first = |url= http://forms.flightglobal.com/WorldAirForces2015?product=PREM&mode=DOWNLOAD&DMDcode=FGWC4&fcid=%7B05ceef25-b72e-4bea-9a83-a7ab7d02e55a%7D_FC078_PREM_201412&fcfileext=pdf |title = World Air Forces 2015 |work= |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2015 |doi = |accessdate= 4 January 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=40922:ghana-air-force-receives-z-9-helicopters&catid=124:military-helicopters&Itemid=282/|title= Ghana Air Force receives Z-9 helicopters}} 13. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/aged-air-force-inventory-highlights-mali39s-weakness-381004/|title= Aged air force inventory highlights Mali's weakness |publisher= flightglobal.com |date=|accessdate=12 January 2015}} 14. ^{{cite book|last=Gordon|first=Yefim|author2=Dmitry Komissarov|title=Chinese aircraft|publisher=Hikoki|location=Manchester|year=2008|isbn=9 781902 109046}} External links{{commons category|Harbin Z-9}}
8 : Chinese attack aircraft 1990–1999|Military helicopters|Harbin aircraft|Chinese helicopters 1990–1999|Chinese military utility aircraft 1990–1999|China–France relations|Twin-turbine helicopters|Aircraft first flown in 1981 |
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