| 词条 | Harold G. Schrier |
| 释义 |
|name= Harold Schrier |birth_date= {{Birth date|1916|10|17}} |death_date= {{Death date and age|1971|6|3|1916|10|17}} |birth_place= Corder, Missouri |death_place= Bradenton, Florida |placeofburial= |placeofburial_label= Place of burial |image= |caption= |nickname= |allegiance={{USA}} |branch= United States Marine Corps |serviceyears= 1936-1957 |rank= Lieutenant Colonel |commands= |unit= |battles= World War II
|awards= Navy Cross Silver Star Medal Legion of Merit w/ Combat "V" Bronze Star Medal w/ Combat "V" Purple Heart Medal Combat Action Ribbon (2) |laterwork= }} Harold George Schrier (October 17, 1916 – June 3, 1971) was a United States Marine Corps lieutenant colonel who served in World War II and the Korean War and received the Navy Cross, the nation's second highest military award for valor. He is best known for being the Marine officer who led a 40-man patrol to the top of Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima which raised the first United States flag on the summit, on February 23, 1945. Early yearsSchrier was born in Corder, Missouri, on October 17, 1916. He attended high school in Lexington, Missouri. U.S. Marine Corps careerHarold Schrier enlisted in the Marine Corps on November 12, 1936. After recruit training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in San Diego, California, he was sent to China as a US Embassy guard in Beijing. He also served in Tientsin and Shanghai. In August 1940, he became a drill instructor at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego. World War IIIn early 1942, Schrier joined the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion at Camp Elliott, San Diego, being promoted to platoon sergeant in April 1942. In June 1942, he was part of two 2nd Raider Battalion companies that were sent to Midway Island to bolster the garrison there. He participated in the Battle of Guadalcanal and found himself taking part in the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion's epic "Long Patrol" behind enemy lines from November to December 1942. During this action, he distinguished himself by leading part of his cut off company to safety after his company commander erroneously led them into a hostile situation. In early 1943, he was promoted to second lieutenant in the field. Subsequently, he was detached to other duties within the Raider organization, such as observation and reconnaissance on enemy-held islands before larger units made assault landings. He was awarded the Legion of Merit for his work at Vangunu Island during the New Georgia Campaign in June 1943. He also served at Bougainville in support of military actions there. In February 1944, he returned to the United States to become an infantry instructor at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton. He was assigned next to be the executive officer of E Company, 2nd Battalion, 28th Marine Regiment, 5th Marine Division. In September, the 5th Division was sent to Hawaii for further training. In January 1945, the 5th Division left for the assault and capture of Iwo Jima. Iwo JimaOn February 19, 1945, E Company, 2/28 Marines, landed on the southern beach near Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima. On February 23, 1945, Lt. Schrier volunteered to lead a 40-man combat patrol with members mostly from Third Platoon, E Company, to seize and occupy the crest of 556-foot Mount Suribachi, and raise an American flag at the summit to signal that the mountaintop was captured (the flag measuring 54 by 28 inches (137 by 71 cm) was handed to Schrier by the Second battalion adjutant who had taken it from the attack transport {{USS|Missoula|APA-211}} before they landed on Iwo Jima).[1] At 8 a.m., the patrol started climbing the mountain. In less than an hour later and after receiving occasional Japanese small arms fire, the patrol reached the rim of the volcano. After a brief firefight, Schrier and his men captured the summit. The battalion's flag was attached to a long section of Japanese water pipe by Lt. Schrier, Sgt. Henry Hansen, and Cpl. Charles Lindberg (with the help of Platoon Sgt. Ernest Thomas, and Pvt. Phil Ward who held the pipe off the ground for them). The flagstaff was then carried to the highest part on the crater where it was raised and planted by Lt. Schrier, Platoon Sgt. Thomas, and Sgt. Hansen, about 10:20 to 10:37 a.m.[2][3] Seeing the raising of the national colors immediately caused loud cheering from the Marines, sailors, and coast guardsmen on the beach below and from the men on the ships near the beach. Thomas was killed in action on March 3 and Hansen on March 1. Schrier later received a Navy Cross for volunteering to lead the patrol up Mount Suribachi and raising the flag. Pictures of the Marines and the flag were first photographed by Marine Staff Sergeant Louis R. Lowery, a photographer with Leatherneck magazine, who accompanied the patrol .[4][5][6] Members of Schrier's patrol present and photographed at the flag raising included, Marine Sgt. Howard M. Snyder, Cpl. Charles W. Lindberg, Pfc. Raymond Jacobs (attached F Company radioman), Pfc. James Michels, Pfc. Harold H. Schultz, Pvt. Phil Ward, and Navy corpsman, PhM2c. John H. Bradley. The American flag flying on Mount Suribachi was considered too small to be seen easily from the northern part from Mount Suribachi, so the flag was replaced shortly before 1 p.m. on the same day it went up by a larger American flag attached to a shorter and heavier pipe. The raising of this flag became world-famous due to a photograph taken by Associated Press photographer Joe Rosenthal. Schrier was also responsible for seeing that the replacement flag was raised on Mount Suribachi and the first flag returned to Marine headquarters on Iwo Jima. On February 24, Schrier ordered Thomas to report the next morning aboard the flagship {{USS|Eldorado|AGC-11}} to meet with Vice Admiral Richmond K. Turner and Lieutenant General Holland Smith. Once there, he met with the two officers and a CBS radio interviewer.[3] On February 27, Schrier became the commander of D Company, 2nd Battalion, 28th Marines. He was later awarded the Silver Star Medal[7] for leading a successful counterattack against a large number of fanatical Japanese soldiers who attacked the rear position of his lightly manned command post on March 24, 1945. On March 14, another American flag was officially raised (by orders of Lt. Gen. Holland Smith) by two Marines at Kitano Point on the northern end of the island and the flag flying on the summit of Mt. Suribachi was taken down. On March 26, 1945, the island was considered secure and the battle of Iwo Jima was officially ended. Schrier and the 28th Marines left Iwo Jima on March 27 and returned to Hawaii with the 5th Marine Division. Schrier served in San Diego from July to October. Afterwards he served in Seal Beach, California, Samar, Philippines, and in Yokosuka, Japan. In 1949, Schrier returned to the United States and was assigned as a technical advisor (appeared as himself) in the motion picture movie that year, Sands of Iwo Jima, starring John Wayne. Korean WarThe Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950, and Schrier was sent to Korea with the 1st Provisional Marine Brigade in July 1950. While serving as the brigade adjutant, he was awarded the Bronze Star Medal[7] for his actions in August and September 1950 during the Battle of Pusan Perimeter. On December 1, while serving as the company commander of I Company, 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division, he was wounded in the neck by enemy small arms fire during an all-night hill fight at Hill 1520 in North Korea. He was evacuated to Japan. Marine Corps War MemorialThe Marine Corps War Memorial (also known as the Iwo Jima Memorial) in Arlington, Virginia which was inspired by Rosenthal's photograph of the second flag raising on Mount Suribachi was dedicated on November 10, 1954[8] (the first flag-raising on Mount Suribachi was not given recognition). Harold Schrier, Charles Lindberg, and Lou Lowery attended the ceremony. President Dwight D. Eisenhower attended the dedication and sat upfront with Vice President Richard Nixon and Deputy Secretary of Defense Robert Anderson. Also in attendance were two of the three surviving flag-raisiers depicted on the monunment, Ira Hayes and Rene Gagnon, who were seated together with John Bradley (was misidentified as being a flag-raiser)[9] in the front rows of seats along with relatives of those who were killed in action on the island.[10] Speeches were given by Richard Nixon, Robert Anderson who dedicated the memorial, and Lemuel Shepherd, the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps who presented the memorial to the American people.[11] Inscribed on the memorial are the following words: In Honor And Memory Of The Men of The United States Marine Corps Who Have Given Their Lives To Their Country Since 10 November 1775 Retirement and deathSchrier was promoted to major, and was a Marine Corps recruiting officer in Birmingham, Alabama, and a Provost Marshal at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California. He retired from the Marine Corps as a lieutenant colonel in 1957. Schrier died at Bradenton, Florida, in 1971 and is buried in Mansion Memorial park in Ellenton, Florida. Military awardsSchrier's military decorations and awards include:
Navy Cross citation{{quotation|The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the NAVY CROSS toUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS for service as set forth in the following CITATION: JOHN L. SULLIVAN Secretary of the Navy}}[12] Silver Star CitationSilver Star The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to First Lieutenant Harold George Schrier (MCSN: 0-19234), United States Marine Corps, for gallantry and intrepidity as Commanding Officer of Company D, Second Battalion, Twenty-eighth Marines, FIFTH Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese forces on Iwo Jima, Volcano Islands, on 24 March 1945. Realizing the seriousness of the situation when a group of approximately one hundred Japanese infiltrated through the main defensive positions shortly after midnight and launched a fanatical attack against the rear of his lightly-manned command post, First Lieutenant Schrier boldly rallied his men and opposed the onrushing enemy, setting a courageous example. His leadership and fighting spirit throughout this action were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. General Orders: Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force Pacific: Serial 42040 Action Date: March 24, 1945 Service: Marine Corps Rank: First Lieutenant Company: Company D Battalion: 2d Battalion= Regiment: 28th Marines Division: 5th Marine Division Legion of Merit Awarded for actions during the World War II The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Legion of Merit to Second Lieutenant Harold George Schrier (MCSN: 0-19234), United States Marine Corps, for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services to the Government of the United States as a member of a reconnaissance party attached to the First Marine Raider Regiment operating in the Solomon Islands Area from 13 to 30 June 1943. Preceding the landing of our invasion forces, Second Lieutenant Schrier with his party made his way by canoe to the enemy-held Vangunu Island and for two days, in the face of extreme danger, stayed close to the hostile lines in order to observe troop concentrations, bivouac areas, possible gun positions and trails. When the other members of his party left, he dauntlessly remained in the Japanese-infested area and nine days later flashed signals to the approaching ships and guided troops to the beach. By his fearless devotion to duty in supplying accurate and vital information to the commanding officers, Second Lieutenant Schrier contributed materially to the capture of the area and upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. General Orders: Heroes U.S. Marine Corps, 1861 - 1955: Jane Blakeney Action Date: June 13 - 30, 1943 Service: Marine Corps Rank: Second Lieutenant Regiment: 1st Marine Raider Regiment http://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient.php?recipientid=8139 Portrayal in films
See also{{Portal|World War II|United States Marine Corps|Biography}}
Notes1. ^"The Man Who Carried the Flag on Iwo Jima", by G. Greeley Wells, New York Times, October 17, 1991, p. A-26 2. ^ Richmond News, Camden-Fleming man an unsung hero at Iwo Jima, January 2, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2014 3. ^1 Rural Florida Living. Thomas was interviewed by CBS radio broadcaster Dan Pryor on February 25, 1945, aboard the USS Eldorado (AGC-11): "Three of us actually raised the flag". 4. ^Closing In: Marines in the Seizure of Iwo Jima, by Colonel Joseph H. Alexander, USMC (Retired), 1994, from the National Park Service. 5. ^Picture of the first flag raising 6. ^Image of the first flag being lowered as the second flag is raised, Department of Defense Photo (USMC) 112718. 7. ^1 Secnavist 1650.1H, P. 1-22, 2006. 8. ^The Marine Corps War Memorial Marine Barracks Washington, D.C. 9. ^USMC Statement on Marine Corps Flag Raisers, Office of U.S. Marine Corps Communication, 23 June 2016 10. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vgwrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jZoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4987%2C3731941 |newspaper=Reading Eagle|location=Pennsylvania|agency=Associated Press|title=Memorial honoring Marines dedicated |date=November 10, 1954|page=1}} 11. ^{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cPNXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mfYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5563%2C2418577 |newspaper=Spokane Daily Chronicle |location=Washington |agency=Associated Press |title=Marine monument seen as symbol of hopes, dreams |date=November 10, 1954 |page=2}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.homeofheroes.com/valor/1_Citations/03_wwii-nc/nc_06wwii_usmcR.html|accessdate=2007-01-18|title=Navy Cross Awards to members of the U.S. Marines in World War II|publisher=HomeofHeroes.com |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060923113814/http://www.homeofheroes.com/valor/1_Citations/03_wwii-nc/nc_06wwii_usmcR.html |archivedate = 2006-09-23}} References
10 : 1916 births|1971 deaths|United States Marine Corps officers|Battle of Iwo Jima|American Marine Corps personnel of World War II|American Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War|Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)|Recipients of the Silver Star|Recipients of the Legion of Merit|People from Lafayette County, Missouri |
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