“Harriet Tubman National Historical Park”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Harriet Tubman National Historical Park is a US historical park in Auburn and Fleming, New York, associated with the life of Harriet Tubman. It comprises three properties: the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged, in Auburn; the nearby Harriet Tubman Residence (just across the city/town line in Fleming); and the Thompson A.M.E. Zion Church in Auburn. They are located at 180 and 182 South Street, and 33 Parker Street, respectively. The Zion Church unit is administered by the National Park Service (NPS), while the South Street properties, including a historic barn and a visitor center, are jointly managed and operated by both the NPS and the Harriet Tubman Home, Inc. The church also works with the NPS in park operations. The Harriet Tubman Grave in nearby Fort Hill Cemetery is not part of the park.

The group of properties also makes up a National Historic Landmark, the first parcel having been declared in 1974, with two others added in 2001.^[2]^[3]

Tubman was a major conductor on the Underground Railroad, and known as "the Moses of her people". She moved to Auburn with her parents after spending eight to ten years in St. Catharines, Ontario. She continued working as a suffragist, and worked all her life to care for others who were unable to care for themselves.

The Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged is the house where she fulfilled her dream of opening a home for indigent and elderly African-Americans. In 1911 she was admitted there, herself, and remained there until her death in 1913.

The Harriet Tubman Residence was Tubman's home during much of the time she lived in Auburn, from 1859 through 1913. The land was sold to her in 1859 by then-Senator William H. Seward.^[4]

Thompson A.M.E. Zion Church is an African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church where Harriet Tubman attended services. Later in her life, she deeded the Home for the Aged to the church, for it to manage after her death.

Harriet Tubman moved herself and her parents from St.Catherines, Ontario to Auburn, NY in 1857. They relocated into a brick home on the outskirts of Auburn located at 180 South Street she had purchased from an acquaintance William H. Seward, which then was an illegal transaction. Seward's deal along with being illegal was fair priced with flexible terms, this probably stemmed from their friendship from the Underground Railroad.^[5]^[6]

In 1896, Tubman purchased a 25-acre parcel from a property next door, 182 South Street, for $1,450, this land would later become the Home for the Aged.^[7]

In 1903, she was forced to give it up because she could not afford to pay for it anymore. She donated it to the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AME Zion Church) that same year with an agreement that they would continue to run the Home for the Aged. She was an active member of the AME Zion Church and supported the construction of the Thompson AME Church building as well.^[7]

In 1908, after working for 5 years to equip the staff the house become the Harriet Tubman Home for the Elderly in which Harriet Tubman also lived. In 1911, her health would not allow that anymore and she later became a patient herself until 1913 when she died. The Home for the Elderly continued to function for a couple more years but then closed. The house became vacant in 1928 and was demolished in 1944 after being vacant for nearly 16 years.^[7]^[6]

In 1953, the house was rebuilt and restored in memory of Tubman's life and accomplishments. This was all organized by the AME Zion Church whom Tubman had given the property to over 50 years before. Since 1953, there has been 2 more buildings added to the property due to the transitions of it becoming a historic site, national park and public attraction.^[7]

In 2017, multiple sites related to Harriet Tubman had been labeled part of the National Historic Park; these locations are:

The park in Auburn was established on January 10, 2017, at a signing ceremony at the United States Department of the Interior in Washington, DC. Interior Secretary Sally Jewell was joined by New York lawmakers, local and federal officials in creating the 51st National Historical Park, and the 414th US national park system unit. The park will focus on the later years of Tubman's life.

The park joins another NPS area in Maryland in interpreting the life of Tubman. Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historical Park includes her birthplace and Underground Railroad routes in three counties of Maryland's Eastern Shore. This sister park in Maryland was established first, on December 19, 2014, incorporating much of the previously-authorized Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument, which had been designated in 2013.

Tubman moved to Auburn, New York, after spending eight to 10 years in St. Catharines, Ontario, from which she also moved her parents. Tubman's life is commemorated in the Ontario city at Salem Chapel National Historic Site, the church she frequented, and still home to an active congregation. Federal plaques there include one which bears witness to her designation as a National Historic Person.^[9]

See also

References

1. ^{{NRISref|2007a}}
2. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1458&ResourceType=Building|title=Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged, Harriet Tubman Residence, Thompson A.M.E. Zion Church|date=2007-09-14|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605234010/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1458&ResourceType=Building|archivedate=2011-06-05|df=}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|title=National Historic Landmark Nomination: Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged, Harried Tubman Residence, and Thompson A.M.E. Zion Church|url={{NHLS url|id=01000073}} |format=pdf|author=Susan R. Warren|date=February 18, 2000|publisher=National Park Service}}
4. ^http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/underground/ny1.htm Seward was U.S. Senator, not Governor, contrary to the NPS site
5. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.nyhistory.com/harriettubman/home.htm|title=The Harriet Tubman Home|website=www.nyhistory.com|accessdate=31 December 2018}}
6. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/ny1.htm|title=Aboard the Underground Railroad-- Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged|website=www.nps.gov|accessdate=31 December 2018}}
7. ^¹²³⁴Harriet Tubman Historical Society. July 4, 2018
8. ^¹²{{cite web|url=https://www.harriettubmanhome.com/|title=Harriet Tubman Home|website=Harriet Tubman Home|accessdate=31 December 2018}}
9. ^Harriet Tubman National Historic Person, Parks Canada, 2012

External links

14 : Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)|Properties of religious function on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)|Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)|National Historic Landmarks in New York (state)|Houses in Cayuga County, New York|Museums in Cayuga County, New York|Harriet Tubman|Biographical museums in New York (state)|African-American museums in New York (state)|Women's museums in the United States|Memorials to Harriet Tubman|National Register of Historic Places in Cayuga County, New York|Protected areas established in 2017|2017 establishments in New York (state)