| 词条 | Harris M. Plaisted |
| 释义 |
| name = Harris Merrill Plaisted | image = HMPlaisted.jpg | caption = Brady-Handy photo circa 1875. Library of Congress. | office1 = Governor of Maine | term_start1 = January 13, 1881 | term_end1 = January 13, 1883 | predecessor1 = Daniel F. Davis | successor1 = Frederick Robie | office2 = United States Representative from Maine's 4th District | term_start2 = September 13, 1875 | term_end2 = March 3, 1877 | predecessor2 = Samuel F. Hersey | successor2 = Llewellyn Powers | office3 = Maine Attorney General | term_start3 = January 1, 1873 | term_end3 = December 1, 1875 | governor3 = Sidney Perham Nelson Dingley Jr. | predecessor3 = Thomas Brackett Reed | successor3 = Lucilius A. Emery | birth_date = {{birth date|1828|11|2}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1898|1|31|1828|11|2}} | birth_place = Jefferson, New Hampshire | death_place = Bangor, Maine | resting_place = Mount Hope Cemetery, Bangor, Maine | education = Waterville College Albany Law School | spouse = Sarah J. Mason (m. 1858, died 1875) Mabel True Hill (m. 1881) | children = 3 (including Frederick W. Plaisted) | party = Republican (before 1878) Greenback (after 1878) | profession = Attorney | allegiance = United States of America Union | branch = United States Army Union Army | serviceyears = 1861-1865 | rank = Colonel (actual) Major General (brevet) | commands = 11th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment | battles = American Civil War }} Harris Merrill Plaisted (November 2, 1828 – January 31, 1898) was an attorney, politician, and Union Army officer from Maine. As colonel, he commanded the 11th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War. After the war, he served as Maine Attorney General, a U.S. Congressman, and the 38th Governor of Maine. Plaisted was born and raised in Jefferson, New Hampshire. He graduated from Waterville College (1853) and Albany Law School (1855), and practiced law in Bangor. In 1861, he was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel in the Union Army and named second in command of the 11th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment. In 1862 he was promoted to colonel and assigned as the regimental commander. He took part in numerous engagements in South Carolina and Virginia, including the Siege of Petersburg. In February 1865 he was appointed brevet brigadier general of volunteers and in 1867 was appointed brevet major general of volunteers for gallant and meritorious services during the war. After the war, Plaisted resumed practicing law and became involved in politics as a Republican. He served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives in 1867-1868, and was a delegate to the 1868 Republican National Convention. In 1873 he was chosen by the state legislature to serve as Maine Attorney General, and he was reappointed in 1874 and 1875. In December 1875 he resigned as Attorney General in order to take the U.S. House seat for which he had been selected in a special election the previous September. He completed the term of his predecessor, which ended in March 1877, but was not a candidate for a full term. In 1878, Plaisted left the Republicans over dissatisfaction with their monetary policy, and became a member of the Greenback Party. In 1880, he was elected governor as the fusion candidate of the Greenbacks and the Democrats, and he served from 1881 to 1883. Plaisted died in Bangor in 1898, and was buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in Bangor. Early lifePlaisted was born and raised in Jefferson, New Hampshire, the son of Deacon William and Nancy (Merrill) Plaisted.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} He attended the local schools, and attended an academy in Lancaster, New Hampshire, St. Johnsbury Academy, and the New Hampton School.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} He graduated from Waterville College in 1853, and in 1855 Plaisted received his LL.B. degree from Albany Law School with several honors and awards, including a gold medal for an essay on the topic of equity jurisprudence.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Plaisted spent a year teaching school while studying for the bar exam in the office of Bangor, Maine attorney Albert W. Paine, attained admission to the bar in 1856, and commenced practice in Bangor.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} From 1858 to 1860 he served on the military staff of Governor Lot M. Morrill{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} as an aide-de-camp with the rank of lieutenant colonel.{{sfn|Annual Report of the Adjutant General|page=96}} Civil War serviceFollowing the outbreak of the Civil War, Plaisted enlisted in the Union Army and was commissioned as the lieutenant colonel of the 11th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment on October 30, 1861.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} He was promoted to colonel on May 12, 1862, and led the regiment in several campaigns in the Eastern Theater.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} He commanded during the 1862 Peninsula Campaign and participated in the Siege of Yorktown and the subsequent Battle of Williamsburg.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Later in the campaign, he fought at the Battle of Seven Pines and in the Seven Days Battles.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} In 1863, he and his men were involved in the Siege of Charleston.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Plaisted advanced to command of a brigade which included the 11th Maine, 10th Connecticut, 24th Massachusetts, 100th New York, and 206th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiments.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} In 1864, he participated in the Overland Campaign and the Siege of Petersburg.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} On February 22, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Plaisted for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from February 21, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 3, 1865.[1] On February 28, 1867, President Andrew Johnson nominated Plaisted for appointment to the grade of brevet major general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 2, 1867.[2] Continued careerFollowing the war, Plaisted resumed practicing law in Bangor. He was elected to the Maine House of Representatives as a Republican, and served from 1867 to 1868.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} He was also a delegate to the 1868 Republican National Convention, and supported Ulysses S. Grant for the presidential nomination.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} In January 1873, Plaisted was chosen by the state legislature to serve as Maine Attorney General, and he was reappointed in 1874 and 1875.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} During his tenure, Plaisted tried 14 capital cases, all of which resulted in convictions, and all of which were sustained on appeal.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} In September 1875, Plaisted was chosen in a special election to serve in the Forty-fourth United States Congress, filling the vacancy caused by the death of Congressman Samuel F. Hersey.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} He served in the US House from September 13, 1875 to March 3, 1877, and resigned as Attorney General in December 1875 in order to attend the session of Congress that started later that month.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} He did not run for renomination in 1876, accepting the decision of a Republican district convention that voted to maintain an informal rotation system which mandated the selection of a nominee from Aroostook County.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} During Plaisted's tenure in the US House, his time and effort was concentrated on his service as a member of the committee that investigated the Whiskey Ring, a major scandal that came to light during the Grant administration.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} After concluding his Congressional term, Plaisted resumed practicing law in Bangor.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} In partnership with attorney Frederick H. Appleton, he compiled and published The Maine Digest, a collection of Maine Supreme Judicial Court decisions from 1820 to 1879.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} In addition, he published accounts of two cases he handled as Attorney General, The Lowell Trial and The Wagner Trial.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} He also researched and compiled a genealogical and biographical history of the Plaisted family.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} GovernorIn 1878, events including wage cuts that precipitated the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 caused Plaisted to leave the Republican Party because of dissatisfaction with their monetary policy.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} As did many farmers and laborers, Plaisted opposed currency backed by gold and silver, arguing that it caused the post-Panic of 1873 deflation that reduced wages and prices paid to farmers, laborers, and producers of raw materials.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Instead, he favored federal government-issued currency not backed by gold and silver, believing that this would prevent deflation and make business easier to transact by holding costs and salaries steady.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Both the national Republican and Democratic parties favored specie-backed currency issued by state-chartered banks.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} As a result of his unhappiness with the Republicans, Plaisted joined the new Greenback Party, and became their candidate for governor in 1881.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} He was also backed by pro-Greenback Democrats, and became the fusion candidate of both parties.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Taking advantage of voter unhappiness caused by the lingering effects of the 1873 economic downturn, Plaisted prevailed over incumbent Republican Daniel F. Davis by fewer than 200 votes, becoming one of only four non-Republicans to hold the governorship between the founding of the party in the 1850s and the Great Depression in 1929.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Plaisted served from 1881 to 1883, and was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1883.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} During Plaisted's term, the state legislature remained solidly Republican.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} As a result, legislators were able to block many of Plaisted's appointments, and he vetoed a much higher than normal number of bills, including 31 vetoes of measures to re-charter banks that issued specie-backed currency.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} By 1883, voter concern over the economic downturn that had begun in the 1870s had largely abated, and Plaisted was defeated for reelection by Republican Frederick Robie.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Later lifeFrom 1884 to 1898 Plaisted was editor and publisher of the New Age, a newspaper in Augusta.{{sfn|Mainers in the Civil War|page=42}} He used its editorial pages to convey his political views, and engaged in long-running debates with Republicans over their monetary policy, primarily Maine party leader James G. Blaine.{{sfn|Mainers in the Civil War|page=42}} Death and burialIn his later years, Plaisted suffered from Bright's disease.{{sfn|Mainers in the Civil War|page=42}} He died in Bangor on January 31, 1898,{{sfn|Mainers in the Civil War|page=42}} and was buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in Bangor.{{sfn|Where They're Buried|page=415}} FamilyPlaisted was a member of a family long active in New Hampshire politics and government.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} His grandfather Samuel Plaisted was a judge during the early years of New Hampshire's statehood.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Another ancestor, John Plaisted, was a member of the colonial legislature and a judge during the late 1600s and early 1700s.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Harris Plaisted was one of nine brothers and sisters.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} Among his siblings was William, who served in the Maine State Senate, and Charles, who served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} In 1858, Plaisted married Sarah J. Mason.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} She died in 1875, and in 1881 he married Mabel True Hill.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} With his first wife, Plaisted was the father of three children, including Frederick W. Plaisted, who served as governor from 1911 to 1912.{{sfn|History of Penobscot County, Maine|page=following 64}} See also{{Portal|United States Army|American Civil War}}
References1. ^{{cite book| author = | last = Eicher | first = John H. | author2 = | last2 = Eicher | first2 = David J. | authorlink2 = David J. Eicher | publication-date= 2001 |title= Civil War High Commands | page= 755 | publisher = Stanford University Press | location = Stanford, CA | ISBN = 978-0-8047-3641-1 }} 2. ^Eicher, 2001, p. 714. SourcesBooks
External links{{CongBio|P000374}} Retrieved on 2008-08-13
|before= Thomas Brackett Reed |years=1873–1875 |after= Lucilius A. Emery |title= Maine Attorney General }}{{s-par|us-hs}}{{USRepSuccessionBox | state=Maine | district=4 | before=Samuel F. Hersey | after=Llewellyn Powers | years=September 13, 1875 – March 3, 1877 }}{{s-off}}{{succession box |before=Daniel F. Davis |years=1881–1883 |after=Frederick Robie |title=Governor of Maine }}{{s-end}}{{Governors of Maine}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Plaisted, Harris Merrill}} 24 : 1828 births|1898 deaths|Governors of Maine|Members of the United States House of Representatives from Maine|Members of the Maine House of Representatives|19th-century American newspaper editors|Maine lawyers|Union Army colonels|People of Maine in the American Civil War|Politicians from Bangor, Maine|Colby College alumni|Albany Law School alumni|Maine Republicans|Maine Greenbacks|Maine Democrats|Burials at Mount Hope Cemetery, Bangor|People from Jefferson, New Hampshire|Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Greenback Party state governors of the United States|Democratic Party state governors of the United States|19th-century American journalists|American male journalists|19th-century American male writers|19th-century American politicians |
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