| 词条 | Hawaiʻi ʻōʻō |
| 释义 |
| name = Hawai{{okina}}i {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō | image = Mus Nat Hist Nat 25022013 Moho nobilis.jpg | image_caption = Stuffed specimen | status = EX | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | extinct = 1934 | genus = Moho | species = nobilis | authority = Merrem, 1786 }} The Hawai{{okina}}i {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō (Moho nobilis) is a member of the extinct genus of the {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ōs (Moho) within the extinct family Mohoidae. It was previously regarded as member of the Australo-Pacific honeyeaters (Meliphagidae).[2] DescriptionThe Hawai{{okina}}i {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō was first described by Blasius Merrem in 1786. It had an overall length of {{convert|32|cm|in}}, wing length of {{convert|11|-|11.5|cm|in}}, and tail length of up to {{convert|19|cm|in}}. The colour of its plumage was glossy black with a brown shading at the belly. It was further characterized by yellowish tufts at the axillaries. It had some yellowish plumes on its rump, but lacked yellow thigh feathers like the Bishop's {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō, and also lacked the whitish edgings on its tail feathers like the O{{okina}}ahu {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō. It had the largest yellow plumes on its wings out of all the species of {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō. The name of the cinder cone Pu{{okina}}u {{okina}}Ō{{okina}}ō is often translated as "Hill of the {{okina}}Ō{{okina}}ō-Bird", referring to this species. ExtinctionAt the time of discovery by Europeans, it was still relatively common on the Big Island, but that was soon to change. The Hawai{{okina}}i {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō feathers were carefully plucked as they only removed a few a time and then the bird was released by Native Hawaiians. Its striking plumage was used for {{okina}}a{{okina}}ahu ali{{okina}}i (robes), {{okina}}ahu {{okina}}ula (capes), and kāhili (feathered staffs) of ali{{okina}}i (Hawaiian nobility). The Europeans too saw the striking beauty of this bird and hunted many of them for specimens in personal collections. Some were even caught and put in cages to be sold as song birds only to live for a few days or weeks before diseases from mosquitoes befell them. The decline of this bird was hastened by both natives and Europeans by the introduction of the musket which allowed hunter and collectors to shoot birds down from far away places, from great heights, and in great numbers. As late as 1898, hunters were still able to kill over a thousand of the birds, but after that year the {{okina}}ō{{okina}}ō population declined rapidly.[3] The birds became too rare to be shot in any great quantities, but continued to be found for nearly 30 years. The last known sighting was in 1934 on the slopes of Mauna Loa. See also
==References== 1. ^{{IUCN|id=22704342 |title=Moho nobilis |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^{{cite journal |first=Robert C. |last=Fleischer |author2=Helen F. James |author3=Storrs L. Olson |author3-link=Storrs L. Olson |title=Convergent Evolution of Hawaiian and Australo-Pacific Honeyeaters from Distant Songbird Ancestors |journal=Current Biology |volume=18 |issue=24 |pages=1927–1931 |date=2008-12-11 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.051 |pmid=19084408}} 3. ^Henshaw, HW (1902) [https://books.google.com/books?id=tn4aAAAAYAAJ&ots=XofwEMGYxH&pg=PA71 Birds of the Hawaiian Islands], p. 71. External links
5 : Endemic fauna of Hawaii|Extinct birds of Hawaii|Moho (genus)|Bird extinctions since 1500|Birds described in 1786 |
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