“Claudian”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Claudian

释义

Life
As poet
Works
Editions and translations
See also
References
Further reading
External links

{{other uses|Claudianus (disambiguation){{!}}Claudianus}}{{Infobox person
| name = Claudian
| birth_date = c. 370
| birth_place = Alexandria
| death_date = c. 404
| occupation = poet, writer
| notable_works = De raptu Proserpinae
}}Claudius Claudianus, usually known in English as Claudian ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|ɔː|d|i|ən}}; c. 370 – c. 404 AD), was a Latin poet associated with the court of the emperor Honorius at Mediolanum (Milan), and particularly with the general Stilicho. His work, written almost entirely in hexameters or elegiac couplets, falls into three main categories: poems for Honorius, poems for Stilicho, and mythological epic.^[1]

Life

Claudian was born in Alexandria. He arrived in Rome in 394 and made his mark as a court poet with a eulogy of his two young patrons, Probinus and Olybrius, consuls of 395.^[2] He wrote a number of panegyrics on the consulship of his patrons, praise poems for the deeds of Stilicho, and invectives directed at Stilicho's rivals in the Eastern court of Arcadius.

Little is known about his personal life, but it seems he was a convinced pagan: Augustine refers to him as the 'adversary of the name of Christ' (Civitas Dei, V, 26), and Paul Orosius describes him as an 'obstinate pagan' ('paganus pervicassimus') in his Adversus Paganos Historiarum (VII, 55).

He was well rewarded for his political engagement. In fact, he was granted the rank of vir illustris. The Roman senate honored him with a statue in the Roman Forum in 400.^[3] Stilicho's wife, Serena, secured a rich wife for him.^[4]

Since none of Claudian's poems record the achievements of Stilicho after 404, scholars assume Claudian died in that year.

As poet

Although a native speaker of Greek, Claudian is one of the best Latin poetry stylists of late antiquity. He is not usually ranked among the top tier of Latin poets, but his writing is elegant, he tells a story well, and his polemical passages occasionally attain an unmatchable level of entertaining vitriol. The literature of his time is generally characterized by a quality modern critics find specious, of which Claudian's work is not free, and some find him cold and unfeeling.

Claudian's poetry is a valuable historical source, though distorted by the conventions of panegyric. The historical or political poems connected with Stilicho have a manuscript tradition separate from the rest of his work, an indication that they were likely published as an independent collection, perhaps by Stilicho himself after Claudian's death.

His most important non-political work is an unfinished epic, De raptu Proserpinae ("The Abduction of Proserpina"). The three extant books are believed to have been written in 395 and 397. In the 20th and early 21st centuries, Claudian has not been among the most popular Latin poets of antiquity, but the epic De raptu influenced painting and poetry for centuries.^[5]

Works

Panegyricus dictus Probino et Olybrio consulibus
De raptu Proserpinae (unfinished epic, 3 books completed)
In Rufinum ("Against Rufinus")
De Bello Gildonico ("On the Gildonic revolt")
In Eutropium ("Against Eutropius")
Fescennina / Epithalamium de Nuptiis Honorii Augusti
Panegyricus de Tertio Consulatu Honorii Augusti
Panegyricus de Quarto Consulatu Honorii Augusti
Panegyricus de Consulatu Flavii Manlii Theodori
De Consulatu Stilichonis
Panegyricus de Sexto Consulatu Honorii Augusti
De Bello Gothico ("On the Gothic War" of 402-403)
Gigantomachy
Epigrams
Lesser poems: Phoenix, Epithalamium Palladio et Celerinae; de Magnete; de Crystallo cui aqua inerat

Editions and translations

Hall, J.B.. Claudian, De raptu Proserpinae (Cambridge University Press, 1969).
Dewar, Michael, editor and translator. Claudian Panegyricus de Sexto Consulatu Honorii Augusti (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1996).
Slavitt, David R., translator. Broken Columns: Two Roman Epic Fragments: The Achilleid of Publius Papinius Statius and The Rape of Proserpine of Claudius Claudianus, with an Afterword by David Konstan (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997).
Gruzelier, Claire, editor (translation, introduction, commentary). Claudian, De raptu Proserpinae (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1997).
Baier, Thomas and Anne Friedrich, Claudianus. Der Raub der Proserpina, edition, translation and commentary (Darmstadt: WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2009), Edition Antike.
English verse translations of Claudian online:
- A. Hawkin's [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=h1oUAAAAQAAJ translation] (rhymed couplet) via Google Books.
- J. Strutt's [https://archive.org/details/rapeofproserpi00clau translation] (blank verse) via Internet Archive.

References

1. ^Gian Biagio Conte, Latin Literature: A History (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994, originally published 1987 in Italian), p. 658.
2. ^Roberts, Michael. “Rome Personified, Rome Epitomized: Representations of Rome in the Poetry of the Early Fifth Century.” The American Journal of Philology, vol. 122, no. 4, 2001, p. 533.
3. ^Conte, Latin Literature, p. 658.
4. ^{{Cite book|title=A Companion to Ancient Epic|last=Barnes|first=Michael H.|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2009|isbn=978-1405188388|editor-last=Foley|editor-first=John Miles|pages=541|chapter=Claudian}}
5. ^Andrew D. Radford, The Lost Girls: Demeter-Persephone and the Literary Imagination, 1850–1930 (Editions Rodopi, 2007), p. 22 et passim.
6. ^Amy Golahny, "Rembrandt's Abduction of Proserpina," in The Age of Rembrandt: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Painting (Penn State Press, 1988), pp. 31ff.

{{Library resources box |by=yes |onlinebooks=yes |others=yes |about=yes |label= Claudian
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External links

Full Latin text on Divus Angelus
Complete Latin text and English translation (Platnauer, 1922), at LacusCurtius, Bill Thayer's edition
Michael Hendry, critical edition (Latin)

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