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词条 Heart of Neolithic Orkney
释义

  1. See also

  2. References and footnotes

{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| image = Skara Brae - panoramio.jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption = Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae, Europe's most complete Neolithic village.
| location = Orkney, United Kingdom
| includes =
  1. Maes Howe
  2. Stones of Stenness
  3. Ring of Brogar
  4. Skara Brae

| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)}}(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
| ID = 514bis
| coordinates = {{coord|58|59|45.8|N|3|11|19.2|W|type:landmark_region:GB-ORK|display=title, inline|format=dms}}
| year = 1999
| extension = 2015
| area = {{convert|15|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone = {{convert|6,258|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| locmapin = Scotland#United Kingdom
| map_caption =
}}

Heart of Neolithic Orkney refers to a group of Neolithic monuments found on the Mainland, one of the islands of Orkney, Scotland. The name was adopted by UNESCO when it proclaimed these sites as a World Heritage Site in 1999.

The site of patrimony currently consists of four sites:

  1. Maeshowe – a unique chambered cairn and passage grave, aligned so that its central chamber is illuminated on the winter solstice. It was looted by Vikings who left one of the largest collections of runic inscriptions in the world.&91;1&93;
  2. Standing Stones of Stenness – the four remaining megaliths of a henge, the largest of which is 6 metres (19 ft) high.&91;2&93;&91;3&93;
  3. Ring of Brodgar – a stone circle 104 metres in diameter, originally composed of 60 stones set within a circular ditch up to 3 metres deep and 10 metres wide, forming a henge monument. It has been estimated that the structure took 80,000 man-hours to construct.&91;4&93;&91;5&93;
  4. Skara Brae – a cluster of eight houses making up Northern Europe’s best-preserved Neolithic village.&91;6&93;
Ness of Brodgar is an archaeological site between the Ring of Brodgar and the Stones of Stenness that has provided evidence of housing, decorated stone slabs, a massive stone wall with foundations, and a large building described as a Neolithic "cathedral".[7][8] Although it is not part of the World Heritage Site, the Ness of Brodgar "contribute[s] greatly to our understanding of the WHS" according to Historic Scotland, which manages most of the site.[9]

In 2008, UNESCO expressed concern about plans by the local council to "erect three large 72 metres wind turbines to the north-west of the Stones of Stenness and the Ring of Brogdar" that might damage the site.[10]

See also

  • Banknotes of Scotland (featured on design)
  • Prehistoric Scotland
  • Timeline of prehistoric Scotland
  • Oldest buildings in Scotland
  • Oldest buildings in the world

References and footnotes

{{refbegin}}
General references
  • {{cite book |last= Wickham-Jones |first= Caroline |date= 2007 |title= Orkney: A Historical Guide |location= Edinburgh |publisher= Birlinn |isbn= 9781841585963 }}
Specific references and notes
{{refend}}
1. ^"Maeshowe". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
2. ^"The Standing Stones o' Stenness". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 16 September 2008.
3. ^Wickham-Jones (2007) p. 28.
4. ^" The Ring o' Brodgar, Stenness ". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 16 September 2008.
5. ^Wickham-Jones (2007) pp. 28–29.
6. ^"Skara Brae Prehistoric Village" Historic Scotland. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
7. ^Towrie, Sigurd (16 August 2007) "Stone wall hints at Neolithic spiritual barrier " Orkneyjar. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
8. ^Ross, John and Hartley, David (14 August 2009) " 'Cathedral' as old as Stonehenge unearthed." Edinburgh. The Scotsman. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
9. ^{{Cite book | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = Heart of Neolithic Orkney - Management Plan 2014–19: Consultation Draft| place = | publisher = Historic Scotland| series = | volume = | origyear = | year =2013 | month=| edition = | chapter = | chapterurl = | page =10 | pages = | language = | url = http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/hono-draft-management-plan.pdf| archiveurl = | archivedate = | doi = | id = | isbn = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/decisions/1725|title=Heart of Neolithic Orkney|accessdate=30 May 2014}}
{{Prehistoric Orkney}}{{World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom}}

6 : World Heritage Sites in Scotland|Archaeological sites in Orkney|Prehistoric Orkney|Scheduled monuments in Scotland|Stone Age sites in Scotland|Neolithic Scotland
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