| 词条 | Heat-based contraception |
| 释义 |
An experimental male contraceptive method involves heating the testicles so that they cannot produce sperm. Sperm are best produced at a temperature slightly below body temperature. The muscles around a male's scrotum involuntarily tighten if the man's body temperature drops, and they loosen, allowing the testes to hang, if the body temperature rises. This is the body's way of keeping the sperm at an ideal temperature.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} Although research has not addressed methods of applying heat, sperm production can be disrupted with increased temperature.[1] Some suggest exposure to high temperatures (116 °F equal to 47 °C) can affect infertility for months.[2] Methods used include hot water applied to the scrotum, heat generated by ultrasound, and artificial cryptorchidism (holding the testicles inside the abdomen) using specialized briefs. One of the initial experiments resulted in partial infertility lasting more than four years.[3] Initial experiments suggest it is effective and safe, though there have not been long-term studies to determine if it has any side effects on the body after reversal. The optimal heat level and time period of exposure are not known. One method under investigation is ultrasound, which involves the application of high-frequency sound waves to animal tissue, which in turn absorb the sound waves’ energy as heat. The possibility for ultrasound's use for contraception is based on the idea that briefly heating the testes can halt sperm production, leading to temporary infertility for about six months. Additionally, ultrasound could affect cells’ absorption rates of ions, which itself could create an environment unfavorable to spermatogenesis. Its extremely localized effects on animal tissues make ultrasound an attractive candidate for research, but so far studies have only been performed on non-human animals, such as dogs.[4] See also
External links
References1. ^{{cite journal|last=Kandeel|first=F. R.|author2=Swerdloff R. S.|title=Role of temperature in regulation of spermatogenesis and the use of heating as a method for contraception|journal=Fertil Steril|date=Jan 1988|volume=49|issue=1|pmid=3275550|pages=1–23}} 2. ^{{cite web|last=Voegeli|first=Martha M.D.|title=Data on the thermic method for temporary male sterilization (1954)|url=http://www.puzzlepiece.org/bcontrol/voegeli1954.txt|accessdate=14 January 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Heat Methods |url=http://www.newmalecontraception.org/heat-methods/ |publisher=International Male Contraception Coalition |accessdate=2015-02-17}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Expanding Options for Male Contraception|url=http://blog.advocatesaz.org/2011/08/08/expanding-options-for-male-contraception/|accessdate=2012-03-28|newspaper=Planned Parenthood Advocates of Arizona|date=2011-08-08}} 2 : Contraception for males|Experimental methods of birth control |
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