| 词条 | Hello |
| 释义 |
Early usesHello, with that spelling, was used in publications in the US as early as the 18 October 1826 edition of the Norwich Courier of Norwich, Connecticut.[1] Another early use was an 1833 American book called The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee,[2] which was reprinted that same year in The London Literary Gazette.[3] The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.[4]EtymologyAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, hello is an alteration of hallo, hollo,[1] which came from Old High German "halâ, holâ, emphatic imperative of halôn, holôn to fetch, used especially in hailing a ferryman."[5] It also connects the development of hello to the influence of an earlier form, holla, whose origin is in the French holà (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French là 'there').[6] As in addition to hello, halloo,[7] hallo, hollo, hullo and (rarely) hillo also exist as variants or related words, the word can be spelt using any of all five vowels.[8][9][10] TelephoneThe use of hello as a telephone greeting has been credited to Thomas Edison; according to one source, he expressed his surprise with a misheard Hullo.[11] Alexander Graham Bell initially used Ahoy (as used on ships) as a telephone greeting.[12][13] However, in 1877, Edison wrote to T. B. A. David, president of the Central District and Printing Telegraph Company of Pittsburgh: {{quote|Friend David, I do not think we shall need a call bell as Hello! can be heard 10 to 20 feet away.What you think? Edison - P.S. first cost of sender & receiver to manufacture is only $7.00.[14]}} By 1889, central telephone exchange operators were known as 'hello-girls' because of the association between the greeting and the telephone.[13][15] HulloHello might be derived from hullo, which the American Merriam-Webster dictionary describes as a "chiefly British variant of hello,"[16] and which was originally used as an exclamation to call attention, an expression of surprise, or a greeting. Hullo is found in publications as early as 1803.[17] The word hullo is still in use, with the meaning hello.[18][19][20][21][22]Hallo and hollo{{Redirect|Hallo}}Hello is alternatively thought to come from the word hallo (1840) via hollo (also holla, holloa, halloo, halloa).[23] The definition of hollo is to shout or an exclamation originally shouted in a hunt when the quarry was spotted:[24]{{quote|If I fly, Marcius,/Halloo me like a hare.|Coriolanus (I.viii.7), William Shakespeare}}Fowler's has it that "hallo" is first recorded "as a shout to call attention" in 1864.[25]It is used by Samuel Taylor Coleridge's famous poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner written in 1798: {{quote|And the good south wind still blew behind, But no sweet bird did follow, Nor any day for food or play Came to the mariners' hollo!}} In many Germanic languages, including German, Danish, Norwegian, Dutch and Afrikaans, "hallo" literally translates into English as "hello". In the case of Dutch, it was used as early as 1797 in a letter from Willem Bilderdijk to his sister-in-law as a remark of astonishment.[26] Webster's dictionary from 1913 traces the etymology of holloa to the Old English halow and suggests: "Perhaps from ah + lo; compare Anglo Saxon ealā." According to the American Heritage Dictionary, hallo is a modification of the obsolete holla (stop!), perhaps from Old French hola (ho, ho! + la, there, from Latin illac, that way).[27] The Old English verb, hǽlan (1. wv/t1b 1 to heal, cure, save; greet, salute; gehǽl! Hosanna!), may be the ultimate origin of the word.[28] Hǽlan is likely a cognate of German Heil (meaning complete for things and healthy for beings) and other similar words of Germanic origin. Bill Bryson asserts in his book Mother Tongue that "hello" comes from Old English hál béo þu ("Hale be thou", or "whole be thou", meaning a wish for good health) (see also "goodbye" which is a contraction of "God be with you". "Hello, World" computer program{{Main|"Hello, World!" program}}Students learning a new computer programming language will often begin by writing a "Hello, World!" program, which does nothing but issue the message "Hello, world" to the user (such as by displaying it on a screen). This popular tradition arose from an introductory chapter of the book The C Programming Language by Kernighan & Ritchie, which reused the following example taken from earlier memos by Brian Kernighan at Bell Labs: int main() { printf("hello, world"); }See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite OED|term=hello|id=85687}} 2. ^(Anonymous). [https://books.google.com/books?id=RZsOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA144&dq=hello&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1400&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=1838&num=100&as_brr=0&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee.] New York: J. & J. Harper, 1833. p. 144. 3. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=NVsZAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA803&dq=hello&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1400&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=1838&num=100&as_brr=0&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html "The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee."] The London Literary Gazette; and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c. No. 883: 21 December 1833. p. 803. 4. ^ Origin of the word. 5. ^{{cite OED|term=hallo|id=83588}} 6. ^{{cite OED|term=holla|id=87735}} 7. ^Butler, Mann, [https://archive.org/details/historyofcommonw00butl A History of the Commonwealth of Kentucky], Wilcox, Dickerman & Co., 1834, p. 106. 8. ^Merriam-Webster: Hollo 9. ^Merriam-Webster: Hullo 10. ^Merriam-Webster: Hillo 11. ^{{cite magazine|url=http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=800&id=1507 |title=The First "Hello!": Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone – Part 2 |author=Allen Koenigsberg |magazine=Antique Phonograph Magazine |volume=VIII |issue=6 |accessdate=2006-09-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116211033/http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=800&id=1507 |archivedate=16 November 2006 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~klong/papers/hello.txt|title=All Things Considered|author=Allen Koenigsberg|publisher=National Public Radio|accessdate=2006-09-13|year=1999|dead-url=yes|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090309094200/http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~klong/papers/hello.txt|archivedate=2009-03-09}} 13. ^1 {{Cite web |url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=hello&searchmode=none |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |work=etymonline.com |accessdate=28 September 2010}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.collectorcafe.com/article_archive.asp?article=800&id=1507 |title=The First "Hello!": Thomas Edison, the Phonograph and the Telephone – Part 2 |author=Allen Koenigsberg |accessdate=1 August 2012}} 15. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/05/garden/great-hello-mystery-is-solved.html|title=Great 'Hello' Mystery Is Solved|last=Grimes|first=William|date=5 March 1992|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2017-10-25|issn=0362-4331}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hullo |title=hullo - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |publisher=Merriam-webster.com |date=25 April 2007 |accessdate=2009-09-26}} 17. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=27sCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA12&dq=hullo&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1760&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=1804&num=100&as_brr=0&ie=ISO-8859-1&output=html The Sporting Magazine.] London (1803). Volume 23, p. 12. 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://forum.downsizer.net/archive/hullo-from-orkney__o_t__t_36387.html |title=Hullo From Orkney |publisher=Forum.downsizer.net |date= |accessdate=2009-09-26}} 19. ^{{cite web|author=Piers Beckley |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/writersroom/2008/04/hullo_again.shtml |title=Writersroom Blog: Hullo again. Did you miss me? |publisher=BBC |date=23 April 2008 |accessdate=2009-09-26}} 20. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/feb/23/mobilephones.g2 |title=Paris for a day |work=The Guardian |date= 23 February 2005|accessdate=2009-09-26 | location=London | first=Laura | last=Barton}} 21. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/jul/16/ashes-england-australia-live-report |title=Ashes: England v Australia - day one as it happened | Andy Bull and Rob Smyth |work=The Guardian |date= 16 July 2009|accessdate=2009-09-26 | location=London}} 22. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/4444713.stm |title=Semi-final clash excites fans |publisher=BBC Sport |date=14 April 2005 |accessdate=2009-09-26}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/hello|title=Hello|publisher=Merriam-Webster Online|accessdate=2016-02-07}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/hollo|title=Hollo|publisher=Merriam-Webster Online|accessdate=2016-02-07}} 25. ^The New Fowler's, revised third edition by R. W. Burchfield, Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-860263-4}}, p. 356. 26. ^Bilderdijk, Willem Liefde en ballingschap. Brieven 1795-1797 (ed. Marita Mathijsen). Uitgeverij De Arbeiderspers, Amsterdam/Antwerp 1997 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bartelby.com/61/60/H0136000.html|title=Hello|publisher= The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition.|year=2000|accessdate=2006-09-01}} 28. ^OEME Dictionaries External links{{Wiktionary|hello|hi|hey|hiya}}
2 : Greeting words and phrases|English words |
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