1. Design and development
     Origin   HA-300  E-300 Engine  Termination 

2. Aircraft on display

3. Specifications (HA-300 with Orpheus 703 engine)

4. See also

5. References
    Citations  Bibliography 

6. External links

The Helwan HA-300 ({{lang-ar|حلوان ٣٠٠}}) was a single-engine, delta-wing, light supersonic Interceptor aircraft developed in Egypt during the 1960s. It was designed by the famous German aircraft designer Willy Messerschmitt.

At various stages, Spain and India were involved in the development program. Spain agreed to finance two projects, the HA-200 and the Hispano HA-300, but cancelled financing the HA-300 project before a prototype was built due to cost and time overruns. Egypt then financed it, and the program was transferred to Egypt where every part, including the engine, was made, and the aircraft was successfully flown.

At a late stage India financed the Egyptian development of the Egyptian E-300 engine for use on the Indian fighter jet HF-24 Marut.

The HA-300 was an ambitious and costly project for Egypt, at the time seeking to expand both its civilian and defence aviation industry.

There were 6 planes in service built before termination of the project in 1969. The first prototype was a museum exhibit as of 1997.^[1]

Design and development

Origin

After World War II, Willy Messerschmitt was prohibited as a German citizen from undertaking any further research or development related to the German military, including the manufacture of aircraft, until 1955. He therefore moved to Spain where he joined Hispano Aviación and started designing an ultralight fighter aircraft in 1951.^[2] A lack of funds made the aircraft's development slow and Messerschmitt was able to build only a delta-shaped plywood glider without a tail. Towed by a CASA 2.111, the test flight for the glider was not completed due to instability and the airplane did not become airborne.^[3] Due to funding problems and the resultant long development time, Spain abandoned the project in 1960.^[4]

Egypt then acquired the design from Hispano Aviación. The design team, headed by Messerschmitt, moved to Helwan, Egypt, to continue its work on the HA-300, which now stood for Helwan Aircraft 300.^[1] Ferdinand Brandner, an Austrian jet engine expert, was also invited to develop a turbojet for the new fighter. Egypt aimed to produce a lightweight supersonic, single-seat fighter that could join the Egyptian Air Force as an interceptor.^[6]

HA-300

Development of the Egyptian HA-300 started in the test facilities and workshops in Factory No. 36 in Helwan, southeast of Cairo, under the supervision of the Egyptian General Aero Organisation (EGAO); officially the program started in 1959.

The first prototype of the HA-300, powered by a 2,200 kgp Orpheus Mk 703-S-10, first flew on 7 March 1964,^[5] and achieved Mach 1.13.^[6] Egypt sent two Egyptian pilots to India in 1964 to prepare for the HA-300 flight development.^[1] It was followed by a second Orpheus-powered prototype which first flew on 22 July 1965. The third and last prototype was fitted with the Egyptian E-300 engine, which it was hoped would make it capable of attaining 12,000 m and Mach 2.0 within 2.5 min after takeoff. This prototype was flight-tested at least once when it achieved a speed of Mach 2.1 with the Egyptian Brandner E-300 engine.

A total of 135 million Egyptian pounds was spent on the development, and the E-300 engine was given to the Indian government for use in the HAL HF-24 Marut fighter.^[7]

E-300 Engine

The HA-300 was originally designed for the afterburning Orpheus BOR 12 turbojet, but the engine did not achieve the minimum level of success Egypt required in the fighter jet{{Citation needed | date = January 2014}}. President Nasser saw from the beginning a major threat to national security by depending on a British engine, because of the hostility that time between Egypt and Great Britain after the 1956 Suez crisis.

The fighter jet was then modified for the Egyptian Brandner E-300 engine, which would have an afterburning rating of 4,800 kgp, which achieved a high level of performance.

Termination

The Helwan-300 project was cancelled on May 1969. The real reason why it was cancelled remains a mystery but it can be inferred that the cancellation was due to many factors varying between technical, financial and political difficulties. The German engineers working on the design had to evacuate Egypt due to fear for their lives after they received multiple death threats from the Israeli Mossad. In order to fill the void created by the cancellation of this project, Egypt made close contacts with the Soviet Union and purchased aircraft instead of developing indigenous designs.^[2][8]

Aircraft on display

• The first HA-300 prototype registration number 51-100, construction number V1, was on display since 1997 in the Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim at Oberschleißheim near Munich. It was bought by Daimler-Benz Aerospace AG (DASA) in 1991, and airlifted to Germany for restoration at Manching. The process took MBB five and a half years to complete.^[1]

Specifications (HA-300 with Orpheus 703 engine)

| ref = Deutsches Museum Flugwerft Schleissheim,^[9] airwar.ru,^[10] theaircache.com,^[11] aviationsmilitaires.net^[12]

| crew = one (pilot)
| capacity =
| payload main =
| payload alt =
| payload more =
| length main = 12.40 m
| length alt = 40 ft 7 in
| span main = 5.84 m
| span alt = 19 ft 16 in
| height main = 3.15 m
| height alt = 10 ft 33 in
| area main = 16.70 m2
| area alt = 179.75 sq ft
| airfoil =
| aspect ratio =
| empty weight main = 2,100 kg
| empty weight alt = 4,630 lb
| loaded weight main = 5,443 kg
| loaded weight alt = 12,000 lb
| useful load main =
| useful load alt =
| max takeoff weight main =
| max takeoff weight alt =
| more general =

| engine (jet) = Bristol Orpheus 703 (first two prototypes) or Brandner E-300 (third prototype)
| type of jet = turbojet
| number of jets = 1
| thrust main = 28 kN
| thrust alt = 6275 lbf
| thrust original =
| afterburning thrust main = 47 kN
| afterburning thrust alt = 10,582 lbf

| max speed main = Mach 1.7 (2,100 km/h) projected Mach 2 with Brandner E-300 engine
| max speed alt =
| max speed more =
| cruise speed main =
| cruise speed alt =
| cruise speed more =
| stall speed main =
| stall speed alt =
| stall speed more =
| never exceed speed main =
| never exceed speed alt =
| range main = 1,400 km
| range alt = 870 mi
| range more =
| combat radius main=
| combat radius alt =
| combat radius more=
| ferry range main =
| ferry range alt =
| ferry range more =
| endurance =
| ceiling main = 18,000 m
| ceiling alt = 59,100 ft
| ceiling more =
| climb rate main = 203 m/s
| climb rate alt = 666 ft/s
| climb rate more =
| sink rate main =
| sink rate alt =
| sink rate more =
| loading main = 125.749 kg/m²
| loading alt = 25.755 lb/ft²
| thrust/weight = 0.88
| power/mass main =
| power/mass alt =
| more performance =

| guns = 2 × 30mm Hispano or 4 × 23mm Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23 cannon
| bombs =
| rockets =
| missiles = 4 × infrared homing air-to-air missiles
| hardpoints =
| hardpoint capacity =
| hardpoint rockets =
| hardpoint missiles =
| hardpoint bombs =
| hardpoint other =
| avionics =
}}

See also

• Dassault Mirage 5
• Folland Gnat
• Northrop F-5

• List of fighter aircraft

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Bar-Zohar, Michael. and Nissim Mishal Hirschel. [https://books.google.com.eg/books?id=SQGuAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104&dq=Messerschmitt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yNEaVIDLJNOA7Qbl9YC4Bg&ved=0CEAQ6AEwCDgK#v=onepage&q=Messerschmitt&f=false Mossad: The Great Operations of Israel's Secret Service.] London: Biteback Publishing, 2012. {{ISBN|978-1-84954-543-3}}.
• Edgerton, David. [https://books.google.com.eg/books?id=H-arezi4YMcC&pg=PA125&dq=Messerschmitt&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uM8aVM7UJaag7AbEnICQCg&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Messerschmitt&f=false The Shock of the Old: Technology and Global History Since 1900.] Madison Avenue, New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. {{ISBN|978-0-19-532283-5}}.
• Hirschel, Ernst Heinrich., Horst Prem, and Gero Madelung. [https://books.google.com.eg/books?id=OoFcHOLpCskC&pg=PA339&dq=HA-300&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eskaVLOhIamy7AbA94CoAQ&ved=0CBoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=HA-300&f=false Aeronautical Research in Germany: From Lilienthal Until Today (Illustrated ed).] Springer Science & Business Media, 2004. {{ISBN|3-540-40645-X}}.

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