| 词条 | Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |
| 释义 |
| name = Henry IV | title = Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg | image = Armoiries de La Falloise.svg | image_size = 150px | caption = | succession = Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | reign = 1491–1514 | noble family= House of Welf | father = William IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg | mother = Elizabeth of Stolberg-Wernigerode | spouse = Catherine of Pomerania | issue = Catherine Henry V Francis | issue-link = #Family | birth_date = 14 June 1463 | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|1514|6|23|1463|6|14|df=yes}} | death_place = Leerort, Leer }} Henry IV (14 June 1463 – 23 June 1514), called the Elder ({{lang-de|Heinrich der Ältere}}), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Wolfenbüttel from 1491 until his death. LifeHenry's father, Duke William IV of Brunswick-Lüneburg retired in 1491, leaving government of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel with Caleneberg to his two sons Henry the Elder and Eric, and only kept the Principality of Göttingen for himself. In 1494, the brothers divided their territories between them: Henry received the eastern part of the state, with the cities of Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel, while Eric took over the Calenberg estates. Starting in 1492, Henry laid siege to the City of Brunswick for a year and a half to enforce tax payments; the siege ended with a compromise. On 24 November 1498 Henry IV, Magnus and the latter's father John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg allied in order to conquer the Land of Wursten, a de facto autonomous region of free Frisian peasants in a marsh at the Weser estuary, under the loose overlordship of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.[1] Henry obliged to send 3,000 lansquenets to the Land of Hadeln, the Lauenburgian exclave serving as beachhead, with the lansquenets meant to gain their payment by looting and plundering the free peasants of Wursten, once successfully subjected.[2] On 16 November, Prince-Archbishop Johann Rode of Bremen had prepared for this by concluding a defensive alliance with Hamburg, fearing for its military outpost Ritzebüttel at the Outer Elbe protecting free navigation from and to the city.[1] Rode gained more allies on 1 August 1499 (Bremen city, Buxtehude, Ditmarsh, and Stade), providing 1,300 warriors and equipment to defend Wursten and / or invade Hadeln, and waged a pre-emptive feud on John V and his allies on 9 September 1499.[3] Rode's allied forces easily conquered the Land of Hadeln.[4] By 20 November 1499 Magnus hired the so-called Great or Black Guard of ruthless and violent Dutch and East Frisian mercenaries, commanded by Thomas Slentz, recapturing Hadeln in early 1500.[4][5] By early December 1499 Rode had addressed Duke Henry IV for help, who was actually allied with Magnus.[6] In return Rode offered to appoint Henry's 12-year-old son Christopher as his coadjutor, a position usually (as coadiutor cum iure succedendi), and in this case indeed, entailing the succession to the respective see.[6] This exactly accomplished Henry's own expansionist ambitions, so he converted to Rode's column.[7] Henry IV and his troops were then hunting the Black Guard. Mediated by Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Calenberg and Henry IV, Rode and Magnus concluded peace on 20 January 1500.[7] Hadeln was restored to Magnus, thus no substantial change as compared with the status quo ante.[8] On 1 February Rode and Bremen's cathedral chapter officially appointed Christopher as coadjutor.[8] Rode and chapter had agreed to pay for Christopher's necessary papal dispensation from the canon-law age limit, as he was too young to be coadjutor, while Henry IV guaranteed military support for the prince-archbishopric.[8] In 1501, Henry attacked Frisian Butjadingen, in order to subject it to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, but he had to abort the campaign. On 7 May 1501 Pope Alexander VI dispensed Christopher from being underage, which cost the Bremian see 1,500 Rhenish guilders.[8] Alexander VI confirmed Christopher as coadjutor under the proviso that he should only ascend to office having come of age (27 years), which was in 1514.[8] However, Christopher de facto assumed the rule in 1511, after Rode's death. In 1509 Magnus and Henry's daughter Catherine married, which sealed the reconciliation of Henry and Magnus. In 1511, Henry, together with the other members of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg, conquered the County of Hoya, which had refused to recognize Brunswick-Lüneburg as its liege lord. A second attack on East Frisia in 1514—in the course of the Saxon Feud—led to Henry's death; his head was shot off during the siege of Leerort Castle (today part of Leer). FamilyHenry married Catherine of Pomerania, daughter of Eric II, Duke of Pomerania, in 1486. They had the following children:
Ancestors{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |2= 2. William IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |3= 3. Elizabeth of Stolberg-Wernigerode |4= 4. William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |5= 5. Cecilia of Brandenburg |6= 6. Bodo VII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode |7= 7. Anna of Schwarzburg |8= 8. Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |9= 9. Sophie of Pomarania |10= 10. Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg |11= 11. Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Brandenburg |12= 12. Henry of Stolberg |13= 13. Elizabeth of Hohenstein }} Notes1. ^1 Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 266. {{ISBN|978-3-9801919-8-2}}. 2. ^Elke Freifrau von Boeselager, "Das Land Hadeln bis zum Beginn der frühen Neuzeit", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 321–388, here p. 332. {{ISBN|978-3-9801919-8-2}}. 3. ^Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here pp. 267 seq. {{ISBN|978-3-9801919-8-2}}. 4. ^1 Karl Ernst Hermann Krause, "Johann III., Erzbischof von Bremen", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. 14, pp. 183–185, here p. 184. 5. ^Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 267. {{ISBN|978-3-9801919-8-2}}. 6. ^1 Karl Schleif, Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen, see references for bibliographical details, p. 20. 7. ^1 Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 268. {{ISBN|978-3-9801919-8-2}}. 8. ^1 2 3 4 Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 269. {{ISBN|978-3-9801919-8-2}}. References
External links{{s-start}}{{s-hou|House of Welf|24 June|1463|23 June|1514|House of Este}}{{s-reg}}{{s-bef |rows=2|before=William the Younger}}{{s-ttl |title=Duke of Brunswick-LüneburgPrince of Calenberg jointly with his brother Eric I |years=1491–1494 }}{{s-aft |rows=1|after=Eric I}} |-{{s-ttl |title=Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel jointly with his brother Eric I |years=1491–1494}}{{s-aft |after=himself, alone}}{{s-bef |rows=1|before=himself and Eric I}}{{s-ttl |title=Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |years=1494–1514}}{{s-aft |rows=1|after=Henry V}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg}} 6 : 1463 births|1514 deaths|German military personnel killed in action|Princes of Calenberg|Princes of Wolfenbüttel|Middle House of Brunswick |
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