| 词条 | Henry Margenau |
| 释义 |
|name = Henry Margenau |image = |image_size = 250px |caption = Henry Margenau |birth_date = {{birth date|1901|4|30}} |birth_place = Bielefeld, Germany |death_date = {{Death date and age|1997|2|8|1901|4|30}} |death_place = Hamden, Connecticut |residence = |citizenship = American |nationality = German |fields = Physics, Philosophy |workplaces = {{nowrap|Yale University}} |alma_mater = Midland College University of Nebraska-Lincoln Yale University |doctoral_advisor = Louis Williams McKeehan |academic_advisors = Burton Evans Moore (M.S. advisor) | thesis1_title = (M.Sc.) On the Zeeman-effect in the cerium spectrum between 3000 and 5000 Å. | thesis1_url = 1926 | thesis1_year = | thesis2_title = (Ph.D.) Dependence of ultra-violet reflection of silver on plastic deformation. | thesis2_url = https://journals.aps.org/pr/pdf/10.1103/PhysRev.33.1035 | thesis2_year = 1929 |doctoral_students = |notable_students = Murray Gell-Mann |known_for = Microwave theory, Nuclear physics, Philosophical foundations of physics, Philosophy. }}Henry Margenau (April 30, 1901 – February 8, 1997) was a German-American physicist, and philosopher of science.[1] BiographyEarly lifeBorn in Bielefeld, Germany, Margenau obtained his bachelor's degree from Midland Lutheran College, Nebraska before his M.Sc. from the University of Nebraska in 1926, and PhD from Yale University in 1929. World War IIMargenau worked on the theory of microwaves and the development of duplexing systems that enabled a single radar antenna both to transmit and receive signals. He also worked on spectral line broadening, a technique used to analyse and review the dynamics of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. Philosophy and history of scienceMargenau wrote extensively on science, his works including: Ethics and Science, The Nature of Physical Reality, Quantum Mechanics and Integrative Principles of Modern Thought. Free WillIn 1968, Margenau was invited to give the Wimmer Lecture at St. Vincent College in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. His topic was Scientific Indeterminism and Human Freedom. Margenau embraced indeterminism as the first step toward a solution of the problem of human freedom.[2] Then in 1982, Margenau called his two-stage model of free will a "solution" to what had heretofore had been seen as mere "paradox and illusion."[3] He very neatly separates "free" and "will" in a temporal sequence, as William James had done, naming the two stages simply "chance" followed by "choice." Religious interestsMargenau served on a commission of the World Council of Churches in developing an ecumenical position on nuclear weapons and atomic warfare. However, his book The Miracle of Existence (Ox Bow Press, 1984) shows Margenau's broad interests not only in Christianity, but also in Eastern religions and his fascination with finding connections among different religious and philosophical traditions. Post-war YaleMargenau was appointed Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics and Natural Philosophy as Yale in 1950, a post he was to hold until his retirement from formal academic life in 1986. He also became a staff member at both the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton and the MIT Radiation Laboratory. During his working career, he acted as consultant to the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. National Bureau of Standards, Argonne National Laboratory, Rand Corporation, General Electric Co. and Lockheed. Margenau's work embraced investigation of intermolecular forces, spectroscopy, nuclear physics and electronics. He was also interested in parapsychology.[5] He co-authored parapsychological papers with his friend Lawrence LeShan.[6] He was married to Liesel Noe and the couple parented two sons and a daughter. Margenau died in Hamden, Connecticut. Honours and awards
Works
This book and Margenau each receive a mention in a December 28, 1992 Time magazine article: Galileo And Other Faithful Scientists
See also
Notes1. ^{{cite journal|author=Adair, Robert|authorlink=Robert Adair (physicist)|title=Obituary: Henry Margenau|journal=Physics Today|date=August 1997|volume=50|issue=8|pages=77–78|url=http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v50/i8/p77_s2?bypassSSO=1|doi=10.1063/1.881864|bibcode = 1997PhT....50R..77A }} 2. ^Scientific Indeterminism and Human Freedom, The Archabbey Press (1968) p.69 3. ^Laurence LeShan and Henry Margenau, Einstein's Space and Van Gogh's Sky, Macmillan (1982) 4. ^ibid, p.240 5. ^McConnell, Robert A. (1981). Encounters with Parapsychology. Pittsburgh. pp. 118-126 6. ^LeShan, Lawrence. (1984). From Newton to ESP. Turnstone Press. pp. 13, 200 7. ^{{cite journal|author=Cross, Paul C.|title=Review: The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry, by H. Margenau and G. M. Murphy|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1945|volume=51|issue=7|pages=508–509|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1945-51-07/S0002-9904-1945-08395-5/|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1945-08395-5}} 8. ^{{cite journal|author=Boas, R. P.|authorlink=Ralph P. Boas, Jr.|title=Review: The Mathematics of Physics and Chemistry, 2nd ed., by Henry Margenau and George Moseley Murphy|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1959|volume=65|issue=4|pages=249–251|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1959-65-04/S0002-9904-1959-10327-X/|doi=10.1090/S0002-9904-1959-10327-X| publisher=D. VAN NOSTRAND COMPANY, Inc.}} External links
17 : 1901 births|1997 deaths|American Lutherans|American nuclear physicists|American people of German descent|20th-century American physicists|German Lutherans|German nuclear physicists|Guggenheim Fellows|Historians of science|Manhattan Project people|Midland University alumni|Parapsychologists|Philosophers of science|University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni|Yale University faculty|20th-century historians |
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