1. History

2. Geography and climate

3. Demographics

4. Government

5. Education

6. Transportation
     Highways    Railroads    Airports  

7. Notable people

8. References

9. External links

Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan area and Liberty County. The population was 7,954 at the 2010 census.

History

In 1854, a church and convent was built by Father Peter La Cour near the town's present site. The town began forming in 1878 when Charles Lander Cleveland, a local judge, donated {{convert|63.6|acre|m2}} of land to the Houston East & West Texas Railway (now part of the Union Pacific Railroad) for use as a stop, requesting that the town be named for him. Since 1900 Cleveland has served as the junction of this line and the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe (now the BNSF Railway). The town was not incorporated until 1935.

The forests around Cleveland, including Sam Houston National Forest, which is located just to its north, are a resort for many inhabitants of the Houston area, who come to camp, hike, hunt, and fish. Cleveland has several historic sites and public recreational facilities, including two parks. The Austin Memorial Library Center offers a wide range of services to the community, and the Texan Theater and the annual livestock show and rodeo, Dairy Days, provide entertainment. Commercially, Cleveland has been a shipping point for timber, lumber, and lumber byproducts since the 1870s. A large medical community, oil, gas, cattle, farm products, and sand and gravel are important to the town's economy. The general trend toward urbanization of the entire area is reflected by the fact that in 1965 Liberty County was added to the Houston Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population of Cleveland grew from 1,200 in 1930 to 7,605 according to the census^[2] of 2000.

In 2011, 19 young men and teens from Cleveland were arrested for repeated gang rapes of an 11-year-old girl. Ultimately, 21 persons were found or pled guilty and received sentences ranging from life in prison to probation.

Geography and climate

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|4.8|sqmi|km2}}, all land. Cleveland's northern boundary is made by the Sam Houston National Forest.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} The climate is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cleveland has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.^[4]

Demographics

As of the 2010 census Cleveland had a population of 7,675. The racial and ethnic makeup of the population was 45.7% non-Hispanic white, 23.7% non-Hispanic black, 1.3% Asian, 13.0% some other race, 2.5% from two or more races and 27.8% Hispanic or Latino.^[7]

As of the census^[2] of 2000, there were 7,605 people, 2,645 households, and 1,758 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,580.5 people per square mile (610.5/km²). There were 2,976 housing units at an average density of 618.5 per square mile (238.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 58.65% White, 27.13% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 11.58% from other races, and 1.72% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.51% of the population.

There were 2,645 households out of which 34.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.4% were married couples living together, 19.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.5% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the city, the population was spread out with 27.4% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,164, and the median income for a family was $28,527. Males had a median income of $28,385 versus $17,889 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,562. About 19.3% of families and 22.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.8% of those under age 18 and 16.1% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Cleveland operates under the Council-Manager form of government. Under this system, the Mayor and five Council members appoint the city manager, who acts as the chief executive officer of the government. The city manager carries out policy and administers city programs. All department heads, including the city attorney, police chief and fire chief, are ultimately responsible to the city manager. All city council positions are officially nonpartisan. The city operates and maintains the following divisions:

• Administration
• Police
• Fire/EMS
• Water and Sewer Utilities
• Streets
• Building Inspection and Code Enforcement
• Library
• Parks
• Airport
• Cemetery

The Cleveland Unit, a prison for men privately operated by the GEO Group, Inc. on behalf of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, is in the city, {{convert|0.25|mi|km}} from downtown Cleveland.^[8]

Education

The city served by the Cleveland Independent School District. The Tarkington Independent School District, located east southeast of the city of Cleveland, also has a Cleveland zipcode.

Transportation

Highways

The major route traveling through Cleveland is U.S. Highway 59, soon to be renamed Interstate 69, traveling southwest towards Houston and northeast into East Texas. U.S. 59 goes through the cities of Livingston, Lufkin, and Nacogdoches, and onward to Texarkana, Texas. US 59 is designated as the TTC-I-69 Corridor. U.S. Highway 59 Business is the original route of US 59, which runs north and south through the center of Cleveland, known locally as Washington Avenue and Loop 573. A current limited access bypass for US 59 was created due to traffic densities in downtown Cleveland that rivaled those of many large cities. SH 105 travels east and west, and Cleveland is roughly the halfway point between Beaumont and Navasota. SH 105 runs concurrently with SH 321 until SH 105 splits, going eastbound to Beaumont; while SH 321 continues roughly {{convert|20|mi|km}} further south into Dayton. Construction was recently completed on a loop coming off SH 105 near Pin Oak Road, along the southern side of Cleveland, crossing I 69 and FM 1010, and terminating at SH 321 near New Salem Road.

Railroads

Cleveland is the meeting point of two rail lines. One is a north/south Union Pacific line that closely follows the path of IH 69. The other is an east/west Burlington Northern Santa Fe line that roughly follows FM 787 to the east, and SH 105 west towards Conroe. Union Tank Car Company has a tank repair/maintenance facility along the BNSF line on the outskirts of Cleveland off of FM 787.

Airports

Cleveland Municipal Airport, a general aviation airport, is in Cleveland. George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston is the closest airport with commercial airline service.

Notable people

• Gib Lewis, a Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives, spent his formative years in Cleveland. He graduated from Cleveland High School in 1955 and enrolled at Sam Houston State College ( Sam Houston State University ) in Huntsville, Texas located in East Texas' Walker County. Elected Speaker for the first time in 1983, Lewis became the first to hold that office for five terms.  
• Jason Grimsley was born in Cleveland and went to school in Tarkington ISD, just east of town on State Hwy 321. Grimsley pitched for the following teams: Philadelphia Phillies, Cleveland Indians, Anaheim Angels, New York Yankees, Kansas City Royals, Baltimore Orioles and Arizona Diamondbacks.
• Danny Roberts was born and reared in Cleveland. He graduated from Cleveland High School in 1960, where he set state records in shot put and discus.   Roberts enrolled at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas located about 90 miles northwest of Houston. A track letterman in 1962, 1963 and 1964, Roberts won two Southwest Conference shot put titles and two discus crowns. Named the athlete of year in 1963, he was also dubbed the team’s most valuable athlete in 1962 and 1963. Voted team captain in 1964, Roberts went on to win the national indoor Masters titles in shot put and weight throw. [https://archive.is/20130223111720/http://www.aggielettermen.org/ralph-d-danny-roberts-64-track/]   Roberts was inducted into the Texas A&M Hall of Fame in 1989. [https://archive.is/20130223093438/http://www.aggielettermen.org/hall-of-fame-and-honor/hall-of-fame-inductee-list/]

References

External links

• {{Official website|http://www.clevelandtexas.com/}}

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