| 词条 | Henry R. Towne |
| 释义 |
| name = | image = Henry Robinson Towne.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1844|8|24}} | birth_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | death_date = {{Death date and age|1924|10|15|1844|8|24}} | death_place = | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = mechanical engineer | years_active = | known_for = Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co. | notable_works = }}Henry Robinson Towne (August 24, 1844 – October 15, 1924) was an American mechanical engineer and businessman, known as early systematizer of management.[1][2] BiographyTowne was born in Philadelphia in 1844 to John Henry and Maria (Tevis) T. Towne.[3] He attended the University of Pennsylvania from 1861 to 1862, where he was a member of St. Anthony Hall,[4] but did not complete a degree. The university later awarded him an honorary master's degree. Early careerFollowing his year of college, Towne found work as a draftsman at the Port Richmond Iron Works, which was owned by I. P. Morris, Towne & Co.[3] In 1863, Towne was put in charge of repair work for the union gunboat Massachusetts. During 1864-1866, Towne was placed in charge of erecting engines in monitors for the United States Navy. After the war, Towne went to Paris and studied physics at the Sorbonne. When he returned, he found employment with the firm of William Sellers & Co., in Philadelphia. Yale Lock ManufacturingIn the summer of 1868, Henry R. Towne was introduced to Linus Yale Jr. by a mutual friend.[3] Towne was, by this time, looking for a new business opportunity and had become impressed about the possibilities of Yale's new "cylinder" lock. In October 1868, the two men formed the Yale Lock Manufacturing Company, to be located in Stamford, Connecticut.[3] Towne provided new capital and management of the firm, and Yale the invention.[6] Yale died later in 1868, and Towne reorganized the company as Yale & Towne Manufacturing Co. Towne stepped down as chairman in 1915. Within this time-frame he developed the Towne-Halsey plan. According to F.W. Taylor and mentioned in his book Scientific Management "it consists in recording the quickest time in which a job has been done, and fixing this as a standard. If the workman succeeds in doing the job in a shorter time, he is still paid his same wages per hour for the time he works on the job, and in addition is given a premium for having worked faster, consisting of from one-quarter to one-half the difference between the wages earned and the wages originally paid when the job was done in standard time."[7] Later yearsTowne was one of the first engineers to see management as a new social role for engineers and that the development of management techniques was important for the development of the engineering profession. He laid out his ideas about the management role for the engineer in his "The Engineer as Economist." He was elected President of the ASME in 1888, and his presidential address continued to address how to improve shop and worker efficiency (see "Gain-Sharing"). Towne and Link-Belt president James Mapes Dodge were responsible for maneuvering Frederick Winslow Taylor to the Presidency of the ASME in 1906 (Noble, ABD, 269-270). DeathHenry R. Towne died on October 15, 1924.[8] His wife Cora E. White, whom he had married in 1868, died in 1917. In his will, Towne bequeathed over two million dollars to the establishment of the Museums of the Peaceful Arts in Manhattan.[9] Selected publications
Articles, a selection:
Patents
References1. ^JoAnne Yates (1993) Control Through Communication: The Rise of System in American Management. p 12 2. ^Noble, David F. America by Design: Science, Technology, and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977. 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last1=Wildman|first1=Edwin|title=Famous Leaders of Industry|date=1920|publication-date=2005|publisher=Cosimo|isbn=9781596050808|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WvSpqsNHPLEC&pg=PA345&dq=%22Henry+R.+Towne%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjI8fuGss3KAhVFnIMKHcGpC7QQ6AEIQDAF#v=onepage&q=%22Henry%20R.%20Towne%22&f=false|accessdate=28 January 2016}} 4. ^{{cite book |title=Catalogue of the Members of the Fraternity of Delta Psi |author=Fraternity of Delta Psi |year=1889 |publisher= |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gNxBAAAAIAAJ }} 5. ^Roland, Henry. "[https://archive.org/stream/factoryindustria12newy#page/394/mode/2up Six examples of successful shop management]." Engineering Magazine 12. 1897 6. ^Henry R. Towne, Locks and builders hardware, a hand book for architects (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1904), 68-69. (for abstract, see Stamford Historical Society) 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Frederick Winslow|title=Scientific Management|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134466238}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Wolman|first1=Paul|title=Most Favored Nation: The Republican Revisionists and U.S. Tariff Policy, 1897-1912|date=2000|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|isbn=9780807866382|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nkXqCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA285&dq=%22Henry+R.+Towne%22+%2B+death&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi1hv-Vts3KAhWkzoMKHfnJBx0Q6AEINDAB#v=onepage&q=%22Henry%20R.%20Towne%22%20%2B%20death&f=false|accessdate=28 January 2016}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=Science: Peaceful Arts|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,721842,00.html|accessdate=28 January 2016|publisher=Time|date=12 April 1926}} External links{{Wikiquote}}{{Commons category}}
7 : 1844 births|1924 deaths|American business theorists|American mechanical engineers|Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers|University of Pennsylvania alumni|People from Philadelphia |
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