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词条 6th United States Congress
释义

  1. Major events

  2. Major legislation

  3. Territories organized

  4. Party summary

      Senate    House of Representatives  

  5. Leadership

      Senate    House of Representatives  

  6. Members

     Senate   Connecticut    Delaware    Georgia    Kentucky    Maryland    Massachusetts    New Hampshire    New Jersey    New York    North Carolina    Pennsylvania    Rhode Island    South Carolina    Tennessee    Vermont    Virginia    House of Representatives    Connecticut    Delaware    Georgia    Kentucky    Maryland    Massachusetts    New Hampshire    New Jersey    New York    North Carolina    Pennsylvania    Rhode Island    South Carolina    Tennessee    Vermont    Virginia   Non-voting members 

  7. Changes in membership

      Senate    House of Representatives  

  8. Committees

     Senate  House of Representatives  Joint committees 

  9. Administrative officers

      Senate    House of Representatives  

  10. See also

  11. References

  12. External links

{{Infobox United States Congress
|number = 6th
|image = USCapitol1800.jpg
|imagename = United States Capitol
|imagedate = 1800
|start = March 4, 1799
|end = March 4, 1801
|vp = Thomas Jefferson (DR)
|pro tem = Samuel Livermore (F)
Uriah Tracy (F)
John E. Howard (F)
James Hillhouse (F)
|speaker = Theodore Sedgwick (F)
|senators = 32
|reps = 106
|delegates = 1
|s-majority = Federalist
|h-majority = Federalist
|sessionnumber1 = 1st
|sessionstart1 = December 2, 1799
|sessionend1 = May 14, 1800 (Philadelphia)
|sessionnumber2 = 2nd
|sessionstart2 = November 17, 1800
|sessionend2 = March 3, 1801 (Washington, D.C.)
|previous = 5th
|next = 7th
}}

The Sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1799, to March 4, 1801, during the last two years of John Adams's presidency. It was the last Congress of the 18th century and the first to convene in the 19th. The apportionment of seats in House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. Both chambers had a Federalist majority. This was the last Congress in which the Federalist Party controlled the presidency or either chamber of Congress.

{{TOC limit|2}}

Major events

{{Main|1799 in the United States|1800 in the United States|1801 in the United States}}
  • December 14, 1799: Former President George Washington died
  • February 24, 1800: Library of Congress founded
  • November 17, 1800: Congress held its first session in Washington, D.C.
  • January 20, 1801: John Marshall was appointed Chief Justice of the United States
  • February 17, 1801: United States presidential election, 1800: Thomas Jefferson became the first President of the United States elected by the House of Representatives as no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes cast in the 1800 presidential election. The House was required to choose between Jefferson and Aaron Burr, with each of the 16 states having a single vote. Jefferson was elected on the 36th ballot by 10 to 4 (with 2 abstentions).[1]
  • Georgia
  • Kentucky
  • Maryland
  • New Jersey
  • New York
  • North Carolina
  • Pennsylvania
  • Tennessee
  • Vermont
  • Virginia
  • Connecticut
  • Massachusetts
  • New Hampshire
  • Rhode Island
  • Delaware
  • South Carolina
States for JeffersonStates for BurrStates casting blank ballots
Total: 10 (63%)Total: 4 (25%)Total: 2 (12%)

Major legislation

{{Main|List of United States federal legislation#6th United States Congress}}
  • February 13, 1801: Judiciary Act of 1801, Sess. 2, ch. 4, {{USStat|2|89}}
  • February 27, 1801: District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801, Sess.2, ch. 15, {{USStat|2|103}}

Territories organized

  • July 4, 1800: Indiana Territory created from a portion of the Northwest Territory.

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

{{US Congress party summary
| congress=6
| party1=Democratic-Republican
| party2=Federalist
| abb1=DR
| abb2=F
| seats1_last=9
| seats2_last=22
| seats_vacant_last=1
| seats1_begin=9
| seats2_begin=22
| seats_vacant_begin=1
| seats1_end=11
| seats2_end=21
| seats_vacant_end=0
| seats1_next=17
| seats2_next=15
| seats_vacant_next=0
}}

House of Representatives

{{US Congress party summary
| congress=6
| party1=Democratic-Republican
| party2=Federalist
| abb1=DR
| abb2=F
| seats1_last=50
| seats2_last=56
| seats_vacant_last=0
| seats1_begin=46
| seats2_begin=60
| seats_vacant_begin=0
| seats1_end=49
| seats2_end=56
| seats_vacant_end=1
| seats1_next=72
| seats2_next=33
| seats_vacant_next=1
}}

Leadership

Senate

  • President: Thomas Jefferson (DR)
  • President pro tempore: Samuel Livermore (F), elected December 2, 1799
    • Uriah Tracy (F), elected May 14, 1800
    • John E. Howard, (F), elected November 21, 1800
    • James Hillhouse, (F), elected February 28, 1801

House of Representatives

  • Speaker: Theodore Sedgwick (F)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by Class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1802; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1804; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1800.

{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}

Connecticut

  • 1. James Hillhouse (F)
  • 3. Uriah Tracy (F)

Delaware

  • 1. Henry Latimer (F), until February 28, 1801
    • Samuel White (F), from February 28, 1801
  • 2. William H. Wells (F)

Georgia

  • 2. Abraham Baldwin (DR)
  • 3. James Gunn (F)

Kentucky

  • 2. John Brown (DR)
  • 3. Humphrey Marshall (F)

Maryland

  • 1. John Eager Howard (F)
  • 3. James Lloyd (F), until December 1, 1800
    • William Hindman (F), from December 12, 1800

Massachusetts

  • 1. Benjamin Goodhue (F), until November 8, 1800
    • Jonathan Mason (F), from November 14, 1800
  • 2. Samuel Dexter (F), until May 30, 1800
    • Dwight Foster (F), from June 6, 1800

New Hampshire

  • 2. Samuel Livermore (F)
  • 3. John Langdon (DR)

New Jersey

  • 1. James Schureman (F), until February 16, 1800
    • Aaron Ogden (F), from February 28, 1800
  • 2. Jonathan Dayton (F)
{{col-break}}

New York

  • 1. James Watson (F), until March 19, 1800
    • Gouverneur Morris (F), from April 3, 1800
  • 3. John Laurance (F), until August 1800
    • John Armstrong (DR), from November 6, 1800

North Carolina

  • 2. Jesse Franklin (DR)
  • 3. Timothy Bloodworth (DR)

Pennsylvania

  • 1. James Ross (F)
  • 3. William Bingham (F)

Rhode Island

  • 1. Theodore Foster (F)
  • 2. Ray Greene (F)

South Carolina

  • 2. Charles Pinckney (DR)
  • 3. Jacob Read (F)

Tennessee

  • 1. Joseph Anderson (DR)
  • 2. William Cocke (DR)

Vermont

  • 1. Nathaniel Chipman (F)
  • 3. Elijah Paine (F)

Virginia

  • 1. Stevens Mason (DR)
  • 2. Wilson Nicholas (DR), from December 5, 1799
{{col-end}}

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "At-large," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}

Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

  • {{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Jonathan Brace (F), until 1800
    • John Cotton Smith (F), from November 17, 1800
  • {{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Samuel W. Dana (F)
  • {{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. John Davenport (F)
  • {{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. William Edmond (F)
  • {{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Chauncey Goodrich (F)
  • {{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Elizur Goodrich (F)
  • {{ushr|Connecticut|AL|At-large}}. Roger Griswold (F)

Delaware

  • {{ushr|Delaware|AL|At-large}}. James A. Bayard (F)

Georgia

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

  • {{ushr|Georgia|AL|At-large}}. James Jones (F), until January 11, 1801, vacant thereafter
  • {{ushr|Georgia|AL|At-large}}. Benjamin Taliaferro (F)

Kentucky

  • {{ushr|Kentucky|1|1}}. Thomas T. Davis (DR)
  • {{ushr|Kentucky|2|2}}. John Fowler (DR)

Maryland

  • {{ushr|Maryland|1|1}}. George Dent (F)
  • {{ushr|Maryland|2|2}}. John C. Thomas (F)
  • {{ushr|Maryland|3|3}}. William Craik (F)
  • {{ushr|Maryland|4|4}}. George Baer, Jr. (F)
  • {{ushr|Maryland|5|5}}. Samuel Smith (DR)
  • {{ushr|Maryland|6|6}}. Gabriel Christie (DR)
  • {{ushr|Maryland|7|7}}. Joseph H. Nicholson (DR)
  • {{ushr|Maryland|8|8}}. John Dennis (F)

Massachusetts

  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|1|1}}. Theodore Sedgwick (F)
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|2|2}}. William Shepard (F)
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|3|3}}. Samuel Lyman (F), until November 6, 1800
    • Ebenezer Mattoon (F), from February 2, 1801
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|4|4}}. Dwight Foster (F), until June 6, 1800
    • Levi Lincoln (DR), from December 15, 1800
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|5|5}}. Lemuel Williams (F)
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|6|6}}. John Reed (F)
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|7|7}}. Phanuel Bishop (DR)
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|8|8}}. Harrison Gray Otis (F)
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|9|9}}. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|10|10}}. Samuel Sewall (F), until January 10, 1800
    • Nathan Read (F), from November 25, 1800
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|11|11}}. Bailey Bartlett (F)
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|12|12}}. Silas Lee (F)
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|13|13}}. Peleg Wadsworth (F)
  • {{ushr|Massachusetts|14|14}}. George Thatcher (F)

New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

  • {{ushr|New Hampshire|AL|At-large}}. Abiel Foster (F)
  • {{ushr|New Hampshire|AL|At-large}}. Jonathan Freeman (F)
  • {{ushr|New Hampshire|AL|At-large}}. William Gordon (F), until June 12, 1800
    • Samuel Tenney (F), from December 8, 1800
  • {{ushr|New Hampshire|AL|At-large}}. James Sheafe (F)

New Jersey

  • {{ushr|New Jersey|1|1}}. John Condit (DR)
  • {{ushr|New Jersey|2|2}}. Aaron Kitchell (DR)
  • {{ushr|New Jersey|3|3}}. James Linn (DR)
  • {{ushr|New Jersey|4|4}}. James H. Imlay (F)
  • {{ushr|New Jersey|5|5}}. Franklin Davenport (F)

New York

  • {{ushr|New York|1|1}}. Jonathan N. Havens (DR), until October 25, 1799
    • John Smith (DR), from February 27, 1800
  • {{ushr|New York|2|2}}. Edward Livingston (DR)
  • {{ushr|New York|3|3}}. Philip Van Cortlandt (DR)
  • {{ushr|New York|4|4}}. Lucas C. Elmendorf (DR)
  • {{ushr|New York|5|5}}. Theodorus Bailey (DR)
  • {{ushr|New York|6|6}}. John Bird (F)
  • {{ushr|New York|7|7}}. John Thompson (DR)
  • {{ushr|New York|8|8}}. Henry Glen (F)
  • {{ushr|New York|9|9}}. Jonas Platt (F)
  • {{ushr|New York|10|10}}. William Cooper (F)
{{col-break}}

North Carolina

  • {{ushr|North Carolina|1|1}}. Joseph Dickson (F)
  • {{ushr|North Carolina|2|2}}. Archibald Henderson (F)
  • {{ushr|North Carolina|3|3}}. Robert Williams (DR)
  • {{ushr|North Carolina|4|4}}. Richard Stanford (DR)
  • {{ushr|North Carolina|5|5}}. Nathaniel Macon (DR)
  • {{ushr|North Carolina|6|6}}. William H. Hill (F)
  • {{ushr|North Carolina|7|7}}. William Barry Grove (F)
  • {{ushr|North Carolina|8|8}}. David Stone (DR)
  • {{ushr|North Carolina|9|9}}. Willis Alston (DR)
  • {{ushr|North Carolina|10|10}}. Richard Dobbs Spaight (DR)

Pennsylvania

The 4th district was a plural district with two representatives.

  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|1|1}}. Robert Waln (F)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|2|2}}. Michael Leib (DR)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|3|3}}. Richard Thomas (F)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|4|4}}. Robert Brown (DR)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|4|4}}. John Peter G. Muhlenberg (DR)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|5|5}}. Joseph Hiester (DR)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|6|6}}. John A. Hanna (DR)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|7|7}}. John Wilkes Kittera (F)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|8|8}}. Thomas Hartley (F), until December 21, 1800
    • John Stewart (DR), from January 15, 1801
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|9|9}}. Andrew Gregg (DR)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|10|10}}. Henry Woods (F)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|11|11}}. John Smilie (DR)
  • {{ushr|Pennsylvania|12|12}}. Albert Gallatin (DR)

Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

  • {{ushr|Rhode Island|AL|At-large}}. John Brown (F)
  • {{ushr|Rhode Island|AL|At-large}}. Christopher G. Champlin (F)

South Carolina

  • {{ushr|South Carolina|1|1}}. Thomas Pinckney (F)
  • {{ushr|South Carolina|2|2}}. John Rutledge, Jr. (F)
  • {{ushr|South Carolina|3|3}}. Benjamin Huger (F)
  • {{ushr|South Carolina|4|4}}. Thomas Sumter (DR)
  • {{ushr|South Carolina|5|5}}. Robert Goodloe Harper (F)
  • {{ushr|South Carolina|6|6}}. Abraham Nott (F)

Tennessee

  • {{ushr|Tennessee|AL|At-large}}. William C. C. Claiborne (DR)

Vermont

  • {{ushr|Vermont|1|1}}. Matthew Lyon (DR)
  • {{ushr|Vermont|2|2}}. Lewis R. Morris (F)

Virginia

  • {{ushr|Virginia|1|1}}. Robert Page (F)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|2|2}}. David Holmes (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|3|3}}. George Jackson (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|4|4}}. Abram Trigg (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|5|5}}. John J. Trigg (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|6|6}}. Matthew Clay (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|7|7}}. John Randolph (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|8|8}}. Samuel Goode (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|9|9}}. Joseph Eggleston (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|10|10}}. Edwin Gray (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|11|11}}. Josiah Parker (F)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|12|12}}. Thomas Evans (F)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|13|13}}. John Marshall (F), until June 7, 1800
    • Littleton W. Tazewell (DR), from November 26, 1800
  • {{ushr|Virginia|14|14}}. Samuel J. Cabell (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|15|15}}. John Dawson (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|16|16}}. Anthony New (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|17|17}}. Levin Powell (F)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|18|18}}. John Nicholas (DR)
  • {{ushr|Virginia|19|19}}. Henry Lee (F)

Non-voting members

  • {{ushr|Northwest Territory|AL|Northwest Territory}}. William Henry Harrison, until May 14, 1800
    • William McMillan, from November 24, 1800
{{col-break}}{{col-end}}

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress

Senate

There were 7 resignations and 1 vacancy at the beginning of Congress. The Federalists had a 1-seat net loss and the Democratic-Republicans had a 2-seat net gain.

{{See also|List of special elections to the United States Senate}}{{Ordinal US Congress Senate}}
|-
| Virginia
(2)
| Vacant
| Henry Tazewell (DR) died before the beginning of this Congress
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Wilson C. Nicholas (DR)
| Elected December 5, 1799
|-
| New York
(1)
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | James Watson (F)
| Resigned March 19, 1800
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Gouverneur Morris (F)
| Elected April 3, 1800
|-
| Massachusetts
(2)
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Samuel Dexter (F)
| Resigned May 30, 1800
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Dwight Foster (F)
| Elected June 6, 1800
|-
| New York
(3)
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | John Laurance (F)
| Resigned sometime in August, 1800
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | John Armstrong (DR)
| Elected November 6, 1800
|-
| Massachusetts
(1)
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Benjamin Goodhue (F)
| Resigned November 8, 1800
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Jonathan Mason (F)
| Elected November 14, 1800
|-
| Maryland
(3)
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | James Lloyd (F)
| Resigned December 1, 1800
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | William Hindman (F)
| Elected December 12, 1800
|-
| New Jersey
(1)
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | James Schureman (F)
| Resigned February 16, 1801
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Aaron Ogden (F)
| Elected February 28, 1801
|-
| Delaware
(1)
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Henry Latimer (F)
| Resigned February 28, 1801
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Samuel White (F)
| Appointed February 28, 1801
|}

House of Representatives

{{Main|List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives}}

There were 6 resignations and 3 deaths. The Federalists had a 4-seat net loss and the Democratic-Republicans had a 3-seat net gain.

{{Ordinal US Congress Rep}}
|-
| {{ushr|New York|1|New York
1st}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Jonathan Havens (DR)
| Died October 25, 1799
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | John Smith (DR)
| February 27, 1800
|-
| {{ushr|Northwest Territory|AL|Northwest Territory
At-large}}
| William Henry Harrison
| Resigned May 14, 1800, to become Territorial Governor of Indiana
| William McMillan
| November 24, 1800
|-
| {{ushr|Connecticut|AL|Connecticut
At-large}}
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Jonathan Brace (F)
| Resigned sometime in 1800
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | John Cotton Smith (F)
| November 17, 1800
|-
| {{ushr|Massachusetts|10|Massachusetts
10th}}
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Samuel Sewall (F)
| Resigned January 10, 1800, to become a justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Nathan Read (F)
| November 25, 1800
|-
| {{ushr|Massachusetts|4|Massachusetts
4th}}
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Dwight Foster (F)
| Resigned June 6, 1800, having been elected U.S. Senator
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Levi Lincoln (DR)
| December 15, 1800
|-
| {{ushr|Virginia|13|Virginia
13th}}
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | John Marshall (F)
| Resigned June 7, 1800, to become Secretary of State
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Littleton W. Tazewell (DR)
| November 26, 1800
|-
| {{ushr|New Hampshire|AL|New Hampshire
At-large}}
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | William Gordon (F)
| Resigned June 12, 1800, to become New Hampshire Attorney General
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Samuel Tenney (F)
| December 8, 1800
|-
| {{ushr|Massachusetts|3|Massachusetts
3rd}}
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Samuel Lyman (F)
| Resigned November 6, 1800
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Ebenezer Mattoon (F)
| February 2, 1801
|-
| {{ushr|Pennsylvania|8|Pennsylvania
8th}}
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Thomas Hartley (F)
| Died December 21, 1800
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | John Stewart (DR)
| February 3, 1801
|-
| {{ushr|Georgia|AL|Georgia
At-large}}
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | James Jones (F)
| Died January 11, 1801
| colspan=2 | Vacant until next Congress
|}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

  • Whole

House of Representatives

  • Claims
  • Commerce and Manufactures
  • Elections
  • Revisal and Unfinished Business
  • Rules (Select)
  • Standards of Official Conduct
  • Ways and Means
  • Whole

Joint committees

  • Enrolled Bills

Administrative officers

  • Architect of the Capitol: William Thornton

Senate

  • Chaplain: William White, Episcopalian, elected December 9, 1790
    • Thomas J. Claggett, Episcopalian, elected November 27, 1800
  • Doorkeeper: James Mathers
  • Secretary: Samuel Otis

House of Representatives

  • Chaplain: Ashbel Green, Presbyterian, elected December 2, 1799
    • Thomas Lyell, Methodist, elected November 17, 1800
  • Clerk: Jonathan W. Condy of Pennsylvania, elected December 2, 1799, resigned December 4, 1800
    • John H. Oswald of Pennsylvania, elected December 9, 1800
  • Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton, elected December 2, 1799
  • Reading Clerks: {{dm}}
  • Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton of Rhode Island, elected December 2, 1799

See also

  • United States elections, 1798 (elections leading to this Congress)
    • United States Senate elections, 1798 and 1799
    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1798
  • United States elections, 1800 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
    • United States presidential election, 1800
    • United States Senate elections, 1800 and 1801
    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1800

References

1. ^{{cite web| work=A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875| title=Annals of Congress, House of Representatives, 6th Congress, 2nd Session| pages= 1033–1034| url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llac&fileName=010/llac010.db&recNum=514| accessdate=March 21, 2017}}
  • {{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1989|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =}}
  • {{cite book|title = The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts|last = Martis|first = Kenneth C.|authorlink =|coauthors =|year = 1982|publisher = Macmillan Publishing Company|location = New York|id =}}

External links

  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060601025644/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/hd108-222/index.html Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress]
  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History
  • [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/reference/two_column_table/stats_and_lists.htm U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists]
{{USCongresses}}

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