| 词条 | Hesperocyon |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Late Eocene|Early Oligocene}} | image = Hesperocyon Gregarius.jpg | image_caption = Skeleton of H. gregarius | taxon = Hesperocyon | authority = Scott, 1890 | type_species = †Hesperocyon gregarius | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision =
}} Hesperocyon is an extinct genus of canids (subfamily Hesperocyoninae, family Canidae) that was endemic to North America, ranging from southern Canada to Colorado. It appeared during the Uintan age–Bridgerian age (NALMA) of the Mid-Eocene 42.5 mya—31.0 Ma. (AEO).[1] Hesperocyon existed for approximately {{Mya|42.5-31.0|million years}}. TaxonomyHesperocyon was assigned to Borophagini by Wang et al. in 1999[2] and was the earliest of the canids to evolve after the Caniformia-Feliformia split some 42 million years ago. Fossil evidence dates Hesperocyon gregarius to at least 37 mya, but the oldest Hesperocyon has been dated at 39.74 mya from the Duchesnean North American land mammal age.[2]The Canidae subfamily Hesperocyoninae probably arose out of Hesperocyon to become the first of the three great dogs groups: Hesperocyoninae (~40–30 Ma), Borophaginae (~36–2 Ma), and the Caninae lineage that led to present-day Canidae, inclusive of modern-day wolves, foxes, coyotes, jackals and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). At least 28 known species of Hesperocyoninae evolved out of Hesperocyon, including those in the following five genera: Ectopocynus (32–19 mya), Osbornodon (32–18 mya), Paraenhydrocyon (20–25 mya), Mesocyon (31–15 mya) and Enhydrocyon (31–15 mya).[3][4] MorphologyThis early, {{convert|80|cm|ftin|adj=mid|-long|sp=us}} canine looked more like a civet or a small raccoon. Its body and tail were long and flexible, while its limbs were weak and short. Still, the build of its ossicles and distribution of its teeth showed it was a canid. Although it was definitely a carnivore, it may also have been an omnivore—unlike the hypercarnivorous Borophaginae that later split from this canid lineage. Body massTwo specimens were examined by Legendre and Roth for body mass. One specimen was estimated to weigh {{Convert|1.67|kg|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}. A second was estimated to weigh {{Convert|1.73|kg|abbr=on|sigfig=2}}.[5] Fossil recordThe oldest fossil evidence was recovered from Saskatchewan dating from 42.5 mya to 31.0 Ma. The youngest fossil was recovered from the Dog Jaw Butte site, Goshen County, Wyoming dating to the Arikareean age (NALMA) of the Oligocene and Miocene 42.5 mya—31.0 Ma. (AEO).[6]{{failed verification|date=December 2015|talk=Date Ranges}} References1. ^Paleobiology Database Collection 16626, Swift Current Creek, Saskatchewan, Canada. Authorized by Dr. John Alroy, entered by J. Alroy on February 18, 1993 {{Canidae extinct nav}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q1947861}}2. ^{{cite journal |author1=Benton, Michael J. |author2=Philip C.J. Donoghue | year = 2007 | title = Paleontological Evidence to Date the Tree of Life | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 26–53 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msl150 | pmid = 17047029}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal | author = Wang, Xiaoming, Tedford, Richard H. & Taylor B. E. | year = 1999 | title = Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora: Canidae) | url = | journal = Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume = 243 | issue = | pages = 1–391 }} 4. ^{{cite journal | author = Wang X | year = 1994 | title = Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora, Canidae) | url = | journal = Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History | volume = 221 | issue = | pages = 1–207 }} 5. ^{{cite journal |author1=Legendre S. |author2=Roth C. | year = 1988 | title = Correlation of carnassial tooth size and body weight in recent carnivores (Mammalia) | url = | journal = Historical Biology | volume = 1 | issue = 1| pages = 85–98 | doi=10.1080/08912968809386468}} 6. ^Paleobiology Database, Collection 17492, Dog Jaw Butte site, Goshen County, Wyoming. Authorized and entered by Dr. John Alroy, March 26, 1995. 7 : Hesperocyonines|Eocene carnivorans|Oligocene carnivorans|Transitional fossils|Prehistoric mammal genera|Paleogene mammals of North America|Fossil taxa described in 1890 |
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