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词条 Hidaka Mountains
释义

  1. Geology

  2. Glaciation

  3. Flora and fauna

  4. List of passes and tunnels

  5. List of peaks by height

  6. Bibliography

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Infobox mountain range
| name = Hidaka Mountains
| native_name = {{lang|ja|日高山脈}} {{transl|ja|Hidaka-sanmyaku}}
| other_name = 日高山脈
| etymology = sun high (sunrise)
| photo = Hidaka Mountains modified.jpg
| photo_caption = Mountains, taken from the ISS on Feb. 22, 2003
| country = Japan
| state = Hokkaidō
| region = Hidaka Subprefecture
| region1 = Tokachi Subprefecture
| district = Hidaka District, Hokkaidō
| district1 = Hiroo District, Hokkaidō
| district2 = Horoizumi District, Hokkaidō
| district3 = Kamikawa (Tokachi) District, Hokkaidō
| district4 = Kasai District, Hokkaidō
| district5 = Niikappu District, Hokkaidō
| district6 = Samani District, Hokkaidō
| district7 = Saru District, Hokkaidō
| district8 = Urakawa District, Hokkaidō
| city_type = Municipality
| city1 = Obihiro, Hokkaidō
| border =
| highest = Mount Poroshiri
| elevation_m = 2052.8
| range_coordinates = {{coord|43|8.7|N|142|59.2|E|type:mountain_region:JP|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|42|43|9|N|142|40|58|E|type:mountain_region:JP|format=dms|display=inline}}
| length_km = 150 | length_orientation = north to south
| width_km = | width_orientation =
| area_km2 =
| geology = Fold (geology)
| orogeny =
| period = late Quaternary
| biome = alpine climate
| map = Japan
| map_caption = Hidaka Mountains
| map_relief = 1
}}{{nihongo|Hidaka Mountains|日高山脈|Hidaka-sanmyaku}} is a mountain range in southeastern Hokkaido, Japan. It runs 150 km from Mount Sahoro or Karikachi Pass[1] in central Hokkaidō south, running into the sea at Cape Erimo. It consists of folded mountains that range from 1,500 to 2,000 metres in height. Mount Poroshiri is the highest at 2,053 m. The Hidaka Mountains separate the subprefectures of Hidaka and Tokachi. Most of the range lies in the Hidaka-sanmyaku Erimo Quasi-National Park (日高山脈襟裳国定公園, Hidaka-sanmyaku Erimo Kokutei-kōen). Since the mountain range lies so far north, the alpine climate zone lies at a lower altitude.

Geology

The Hidaka Mountains formed in the late Quaternary as part of the outer arc of the western end of the Kuril Island Arc.[1] They were formed by the uplift resulting from the collision with the Kuril arc and the Northeast Japan Arc.[2] The Hidaka mountains no longer appear to be uplifting.[3]

The western end of the range is high P/T metamorphoseed Jurassic accretionary complex as part of the Kamuikotan belt. This is characterized by sedimentary rocks from the Cretaceous and Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous periods. The eastern end of the range is tertiary metamorphic rock as part of the Hidaka Metamorphic belt. This is characterized by low to medium pressure metamorphic rocks with sedimentary rocks from the Cretaceous-Lower Miocene. Plutonic rocks intrude into these structures.[4][5] For the most part, the Hidaka mountains are composed of schists, migmatites, gneisses, and granites.[6]

Glaciation

The Hidaka mountains are the only mountains in Hokkaido to show evidence of glaciation. This occurs above {{convert|1400|m|ft|-2}},[6] where one can find moraines and more than 20 cirques from Mount Kitatottabetsu in the north to Mount Toyoni in the south.[7]

Flora and fauna

Flora and fauna
Plants Callianthemum miyabeanum
AnimalsBrown Bear|Sika Deer|Northern Pika}}

Mount Apoi is known for endemic alpine plant life, such as {{nihongo|Callianthemum miyabeanum|ヒダカソウ|Hidaka-sō}}. The Hidaka Mountains are also one of the last refuges of the Hokkaido bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) and Hokkaido deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis).

The mountains can be divided into four zones. The topmost zone (1,400–1,600 m) is colonized by Siberian dwarf pine and other alpine flora. From 1,200–1,300 m is occupied by Betula ermanii. The zone above 500 m is occupied by Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis along with broad-leafed trees. The lowest zone below 500 m is occupied by broad-leafed trees, including Quercus mongolica, Acer pictum subsp. mono and Cercidiphyllum japonicum.[8]

Resident bird species include hazel grouse, black woodpecker, great spotted woodpecker, white-backed woodpecker, goldcrest, Eurasian treecreeper, and spotted nutcracker. Summer visitors to the Hidaka Mountains include Japanese accentor, Siberian blue robin, Japanese robin, red-flanked bluetail, Siberian thrush, Eastern crowned warbler, narcissus flycatcher, blue-and-white flycatcher, dark-sided flycatcher, grey bunting, and Eurasian bullfinch. Notable bird species that transit the Hidaka mountains are Arctic warbler and eyebrowed thrush.[8]

List of passes and tunnels

The major passes and tunnels through the Hidaka Mountains are as follows:

  • Hidaka Pass
  • Karikachi Pass
  • Nisshō Pass and tunnel
  • Nozuka pass and tunnel

List of peaks by height

Mountains of the Hidaka range in order of elevation:

Name Height
Mount Poroshiri|幌尻岳|Poroshiri-dake}}2052.8|m|ft|1}}
Mount Kamuiekuuchikaushi|カムイエクウチカウシ山|Kamuiekuuchikaushi-yama}}1979.4|m|ft|1}}
Mount Tottabetsu|戸蔦別岳|Tottabetsu-dake}}1959|m|ft}}
Mount Pipairo|ピパイロ岳|Pipairo-dake}}1916.5|m|ft|1}}
Mount Kitatottabetsu|北戸蔦別岳|Kita-tottabetsu-dake}}1912|m|ft}}
Mount Esaoman-Tottabetsu|エサオマントッタベツ岳|Esaoman Tottabetsu-dake}}1902|m|ft}}
Mount Satsunai|札内岳|Satsunai-dake}}1895.5|m|ft|1}}
Mount Chiroro|チロロ岳|Chiroro-dake}}1879.9 |m|ft|1}}
Mount Tokachiporoshiri|十勝幌尻岳|Tokachi-poroshiri-dake}}1846.0|m|ft|1}}
1839 Metre Summit|1839m峰|Ippasankyu-mētoru-hō}}1842|m|ft}}
Mount Nukabira|ヌカビラ岳|Nukabira-dake}}1807.9|m|ft|1}}
Mount Namewakka|ナメワッカ岳|Namewakka-dake}}1799.1|m|ft|1}}
Mount Yaoromappu|ヤオロマップ岳|Yaoromappu-dake}}1794.3|m|ft}}
Mount Fushimi|伏美岳|Fushimi-dake}}1792|m|ft}}
Mount Kamui (Niikappu-Kasai)|神威岳|Kamui-dake}}1756.1|m|ft|1}}
Mount Memuro|芽室岳|Memuro-dake}}1753.7|m|ft|1}}
Mount Idonmappu|イドンナップ岳|Idonmappu-dake}}1752|m|ft}}
Mount Penkenūshi|ペンケヌーシ岳|Penkenūshi-dake}}1750.1|m|ft|1}}
Mount Pankenūshi|パンケヌーシ岳|Pankenūshi-dake}}1746|m|ft}}
Mount Rubeshibe|ルベシベ山|Rubeshibe-yama}}1740.0|m|ft|1}}
Mount Petegari|ペテガリ岳|Petegari-dake}}1736.2|m|ft|1}}
Mount Oshiki|妙敷山|Oshiki-san}}1731.3|m|ft|1}}
Mount Rubetsune|ルベツネ山|Rubetsune-san}}1727.3|m|ft|1}}
Mount Koikakushusatsunai|コイカクシュサツナイ岳|Koikakushusatsunai-dake}}1721|m|ft}}
Pirika Nupuri|ピリカヌプリ|Pirika-nupuri}}1630.8|m|ft|1}}
Mount Shikashinai|シカシナイ山|Shikashinai-yama}}1627.9|m|ft|1}}
Mount Shibichari|シビチャリ山|Shibichari-san}}1626.9|m|ft|1}}
Mount Soematsu|ソエマツ岳|Soematsu-dake}}1625|m|ft}}
Mount Kamui (Urakawa-Hiroo)|神威岳|Kamui-dake}}1600.5|m|ft|1}}
Mount Piratokomi|ピラトコミ山|Piratokomi-san}}1587.7|m|ft|1}}
Mount Pekerebetsu|ペケレベ ツ岳|Pekerebetsu-dake}}1532.0|m|ft|1}}
Mount Nakano|中ノ岳|Nakano-dake}}1519|m|ft}}
Mount Iwanai|岩内岳|Iwanai-dake}}1497.7|m|ft|1}}
Mount Toyoni (Urakawa-Hiroo)|トヨニ岳|Toyoni-dake}}1493|m|ft}}
Mount Shunbetsu|春別岳|Shunbetsu-dake}}1491.8|m|ft|1}}
Mount Tomuraushi (Hidaka)|トムラウシ山|Tomuraushi-san}}1476.7|m|ft|1}}
Mount Rakko|楽古岳|Rakko-dake}}1471.9|m|ft|1}}
Mount Tokachi (Hidaka)|十勝岳|Tokachi-dake}}1457.2|m|ft|1}}
Mount Futamata|二股山|Futamata-yama}}1437.9|m|ft|1}}
Mount Saru|沙流岳|Saru-dake}}1422.0|m|ft|0}}
Mount Kyusan|久山岳|Kyusan-dake}}1411.7|m|ft|1}}
Mount Ponyaoromappu|ポンヤオロマップ岳,|Ponyaoromappu-dake}}1405.6|m|ft|1}}
Mount Omusha|双子山|Omusha-nupuri}}1379|m|ft}}
Mount Nishikawa|西川岳|Nishikawa-dake}}1362.0|m|ft|1}}
Mount Nozuka|野塚岳|Nozuka-dake}}1353.2|m|ft|1}}
Mount Rutori|留取岳|Rutori-dake}}1350.4|m|ft|1}}
Nakano Summit|中ノ峰|Nakano-hō}}1341.4|m|ft|1}}
Mount Kamitaki|上滝山|Kamitaki-yama}}1331|m|ft}}
Mount Karifuri|狩振岳|Karifuri-dake}}1323.2|m|ft|1}}
Mount Beppirigai|ベッピリガイ山|Beppirigai-san}}1307.7|m|ft|1}}
Mount Tomamu|トマム山|Tomamu-san}}1239.3|m|ft|1}}
Mount Hiroo|広尾岳|Hiroo-dake}}1231|m|ft}}
Mount Tsurugi (Hokkaidō)|剣山|Tsurugi-san}}1205.1|m|ft|1}}
Mount Kumami|熊見山|Kumami-yama}}1175|m|ft}}
Mount Pirigai|ピリガイ山|Pirigai-yama}}1166.9|m|ft|1}}
Mount Toyoni (Erimo)|豊似岳|Toyoni-dake}}1105.0|m|ft|1}}
Mount Odasshu|オダッシュ山|Odasshu-yama}}1097.7|m|ft|1}}
Mount Obihiro|帯広岳|Obihiro-dake}}1089.0|m|ft|1}}
Mount Sahoro|佐幌岳|Sahoro-dake}}1059.5|m|ft|1}}
Mount Pisenai|ピセナイ山|Pisenai-yama}}1027.4|m|ft|1}}
Mount Uchiichi|ウチイチ山|Uchiichi-yama}}1021.7|m|ft|1}}
Pinneshiri|ピンネシリ|Pinneshiri}}958.2|m|ft}}
Mount Kannon|観音岳|Kannon-dake}}932|m|ft}}
Mount Okishimappu|オキシマップ山|Okishimappu-yama}}895|m|ft}}
Mount Hakamagoshi|袴腰山|Hakamagoshi-yama}}872.3|m|ft|1}}
Mount Apoi|アポイ岳|Apoi-dake}}810.6|m|ft|1}}
Mount Ruchishi|ルチシ山|Ruchishi-yama}}754|m|ft}}
Mount Yoko|横山|Yoko-yama}}725.3|m|ft}}
Mount Tengu (Samani)|天狗岳|Tengu-dake}}666|m|ft}}
Mount Daimaru|大丸山|Daimaru-yama}}271|m|ft}}
Mount Maru (Hiroo)|丸山|Maru-yama}}117.0|m|ft|1}}

Bibliography

  • Paul Hunt, Hiking in Japan: An Adventurer's Guide to the Mountain Trails, Tokyo, Kodansha International Ltd., 1988. {{ISBN|0-87011-893-5}} and {{ISBN|4-7700-1393-0}} C0075
  • Shyun Umezawa, Yasuhiko Sugawara, and Jun Nakagawa, Hokkaidō Natsuyama Gaido 4: Hidaka Sanmyaku no Yamayama (北海道夏山ガイド4日高山脈の山やま), Sapporo, The Hokkaido Shimbun Press, 1991. {{ISBN|4-89363-605-7}}

References

  • Northern Road Navi
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080531014926/http://hokkaipedia.org/index.php/Hidaka_Mountains Hokkaipedia]
  • GLGarcs, H. Nishiwaki, Introduction to the landforms and geology of Japan, 2006, last access 25 April 2008.
1. ^GLGarcs, Introduction to the Landforms and Geology of Japan, Central area (Collision Zone)
2. ^GLGarcs, Introduction to the Landforms and Geology of Japan, Landforms
3. ^GLGarcs, Introduction to the Landforms and Geology of Japan, Eastern area
4. ^GLGarcs, Introduction to the Landforms and Geology of Japan, Overview of geology
5. ^GLGarcs, Introduction to the Landforms and Geology of Japan, Hokkaido
6. ^1 Paul Hunt, Hiking in Japan: An Adventurer's Guide to the Mountain Trails, pg. 35
7. ^Shyun Umezawa, Yasuhiko Sugawara, and Jun Nakagawa, Hokkaidō Natsuyama Gaido 4: Hidaka Sanmyaku no Yamayama (北海道夏山ガイド4日高山脈の山やま), pp 12–13
8. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.wbsj.org/nature/hogo/others/iba/eng/023.html|title=JP023Hidaka mountains|year=2009|work=Important Bird Areas in Japan|publisher=Wild Bird Society of Japan (WBSJ)|accessdate=18 January 2010}}

External links

  • Hidaka Mountain Museum {{ja icon}}
  • [https://maps.google.com/maps?t=p&ll=42.720029,142.682737&spn=0.1,0.1&q=42.720029,142.682737&z=8 Google Maps]
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1 : Mountain ranges of Hokkaido
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