“High Energy Materials Research Laboratory”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) is a laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Located in Pune, its main function is the research and development of technologies and products in the area of High Energy Materials and Explosive materials. HEMRL is organised under the Armaments Directorate of DRDO. The Ex. director of HEMRL was Late Bikash Bhattacharya.

HEMRL has a core strength of 1,200 personnel, comprising chemists, physicists, mathematicians, chemical, mechanical and electronic engineers. It is recognised as a postgraduate centre for basic and applied research and is an ISO-9001:2000 certified laboratory.

History

The precursor to HEMRL was the Chemical Examiner's Office which was established in 1908 at Nainital.^[1] In 1960, it was renamed as Explosives Research & Development Laboratory (ERDL) and was located in Pashan, Pune. In 1963, it was placed under DRDO control as a full-fledged R&D laboratory.^[2] ERDL was renamed as HEMRL in March 1995 in order to emphasise its work in all aspects of high energy materials research.

Areas of work

HEMRL is the main DRDO laboratory and one of the few labs in India that is involved in basic and applied research in all areas of high energy materials.^[3] Under this mandate, it conducts R&D in formulation, design and development of propellants, high explosives, pyrotechnics, polymeric materials, liners/insulators, and other materials. These include studies on the physiochemical and combustion characteristics of materials, the study of detonation phenomena and the development of new systems. HEMRL also carries out the synthesis of new explosive materials and compounds of importance in the field of HEMs.

Design and development of pilot plants for synthesis of high energy materials and related non-explosive chemicals is also carried out. After the development of technologies and products, HEMRL is involved in the successful production and transfer of technology of these products to appropriate agencies.

Facilities

In addition to a number of laboratory analytical instruments, HEMRL has state-of-the-art research and production facilities for the study of explosive, propellant and pyrotechnic phenomena.^[4] These include facilities for Measurement of flame intensity and temperature, study of detonation phenomenon, determination of mechanical properties of propellants & polymers and facilities for static Rocket testing and Non destructive testing of materials. HEMRL also has labs and pilot production plants for synthesising high energy materials and their allied chemicals.

Projects and Products

HEMRL handles different projects for the Indian Armed Forces and other organisations like BARC and the Indian Space Research Organisation.

Technologies for Civilian use

In common with other DRDO labs, HEMRL also develops spin-off products for civilian use.^[5]

Air Regenerating Composition

This composition is used for maintaining breathable air within a closed space. It regenerates air inside confined space by liberating oxygen and simultaneously absorbing carbon dioxide. It can be used in civil applications like rescue work in mines, fire/ toxic environments, toxic gas/chemical plant operation, mountaineering expeditions, complete air regeneration inside a spacecraft, under sea exploration and mining etc.

Chemical Kit for Detection of Explosives (CKDE)

A compact, low-cost and handy explosive detection kit has been designed and perfected for field detection of traces of explosives. The kit yields a colour reaction, based on which explosives can be detected in minutes. It is used for identification of all common military, civil and home-made explosive compositions, and is being used by Police and BSF for the detection of explosives.

Indian CL-20

other standard explosives of the armed forces such as RDX, HMX, FOX-7 and Amorphous Boron.

Scientists at the Pune-based High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) have already synthesised adequate quantity of CL-20, the new explosive, in their laboratory.

The powerful explosive can substantially reduce the weight and size of the warhead while packing much more punch.The compound, 'Indian CL-20' or 'ICL-20', was indigenously developed in HEMRL using inverse technology.

CL-20, so named after the China Lake facility of the Naval Air Weapons Station in California, US, was first synthesised by Dr Arnold Nielson in 1987.

CL-20 or Octa-Nitro-Cubane is a Nitramine class of explosive 15 times as powerful as HMX.HMX itself is more than four times as potent as RDX.

CL-20-based Shaped Charges significantly improve the penetration over armors and could potentially be used in the bomb for the 120-mm main gun mounted on the MBT Arjun tanks.

The CL-20 is its reduced sensitivity enables easy handling and transportation and reduces the chances of mishap and loss to men, money, materials and machines.^[6]

Accidents

References

1. ^History of HEMRL {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114023439/http://www.drdo.org/labs/arma/hemrl/history.shtml |date=14 November 2007 }}
2. ^¹{{cite news | author = V.K. Abdullah | title = Strengthen Network of R&D Labs: Dr Aatre | url = http://mod.nic.in/samachar/jan15-04/html/ch12.htm | publisher = Sainik Samachar | date = 15 January 2004 | accessdate = 2007-11-14 }}
3. ^HEMRL Areas of work {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130192915/http://www.drdo.org/labs/arma/hemrl/areas.shtml |date=30 November 2007 }}
4. ^HEMRL Facilities {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114023435/http://www.drdo.org/labs/arma/hemrl/facility.shtml |date=14 November 2007 }}
5. ^HEMRL Products and Technologies available for the civilian sector {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114023504/http://www.drdo.org/labs/arma/hemrl/tech.shtml |date=14 November 2007 }}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://aeroindia.org/reports-4852 |title=DRDO Laboratory Develops Powerful, Light, Compact CL-20 Explosive | India Defence |publisher=Aeroindia.org |date= |accessdate=2012-01-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044318/http://aeroindia.org/reports-4852 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite news | author = | title = Explosion in DRDO Laboratory, Pune | url = http://mod.nic.in/samachar/july1-02/html/ch10.htm | publisher = Sainik Samachar | date = 1 July 2002 | accessdate = 2007-11-14 | quote = Six personnel were killed in the incident including two technical officers of HEMRL and four workers of contractor. The DRDO has paid Rs 50,000 each from the benevolent fund to the deceased contract workers of the company and Rs 1 lakh to each of the HEMRL employees. }}
8. ^{{cite news | author = | title = Accidental fire in HEMRL, Pune. Court of inquiry constituted | url = http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2002/rapr2002/26042002/r2604200210.html | publisher = Government of India Press Information Bureau | date = 26 April 2002 | accessdate = 2007-11-14 | quote = }}
9. ^{{cite news | author = | title = Six die in DRDO lab fire in Pune | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-04-26/pune/27112617_1_hemrl-accidental-fire-drdo | publisher = Times of India | date = 26 April 2002 | accessdate = 2007-11-14 | quote = }}
10. ^{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/Explosive-processing-stopped-at-HEMRL-for-a-week/articleshow/5079199.cms | title=Explosive processing stopped at HEMRL for a week | first=Prasad | last=Kulkarni | date=2 October 2009 | newspaper=The Times of India | accessdate=28 July 2018 }}