| 词条 | Clive Stafford Smith |
| 释义 |
| name = Clive Stafford Smith | image = Clive Stafford Smith in 2010.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Clive Stafford Smith | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|07|09|df=y}} | birth_place = Cambridge, United Kingdom | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = British | other_names = | occupation = Lawyer | alma_mater = University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Columbia University | known_for = }} Clive Adrian Stafford Smith OBE (born 9 July 1959) is a British attorney who specialises in the areas of civil rights and working against the death penalty in the United States of America.[1] He worked to overturn death sentences for convicts, and helped found the not-for-profit Louisiana Capital Assistance Center in New Orleans. By 2002 this was the "largest capital defence organisation in the South."[2] He was a founding board member of the Gulf Region Advocacy Center, based in Houston, Texas. In addition, he has represented more than 100 of the detainees held as enemy combatants since 2002 at the US Guantanamo Bay detention camp. As of February 2018, a total of 40 men are still held there.[3] In August 2004, Stafford Smith returned from the US to live and work in the United Kingdom. He is the Legal Director of the UK branch of Reprieve, a human rights not-for-profit organisation. In 2005 he received the Gandhi International Peace Award. BackgroundBorn in Cambridge and educated at Old Buckenham Hall School and Radley College, Clive Stafford Smith studied journalism as a Morehead Scholar at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He followed this degree with another in law at Columbia University in New York.[4] He is licensed to practise law in the state of Louisiana and in Washington, D.C.. Law career in USStafford Smith worked for the Southern Prisoners' Defense Committee, based in Atlanta, now known as the Southern Center for Human Rights, and on other campaigns to help convicted defendants sentenced to capital punishment.[4] He was featured in Fourteen Days in May (1987), a documentary showing the fortnight prior to the execution of Edward Earl Johnson in Mississippi State Penitentiary.[5] It was aired on the BBC. Stafford Smith had acted as Johnson's attorney and was seen trying to halt the execution. In a follow-up documentary, Stafford Smith conducted his own investigation into the murder case for which Johnson had been executed.[5] In 1993, he helped set up a new justice center for prisoner advocacy in New Orleans. Formerly named the Louisiana Crisis Assistance Center, it is now known as the Louisiana Capital Assistance Center (LCAC).[4] He represented the paedophile Ricky Langley, who was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. The jurors accepted that the accused was suffering from mental illness, but condemned Langley to capital punishment. Stafford Smith made him apologize to the mother of his victim, Jeremy Guillory. Lorilei Guillory asked the DA for a reprieve, which was denied. She said on the witness chair "I think he is mentally ill."[6] Later, Stafford Smith, began a group to end the automatic death penalty in USA. {{fact?|date=March 2017}} In 2002, Stafford Smith became a founding Board Member of the Gulf Region Advocacy Center, a non-profit law office based in Houston, Texas.[7] It was designed to bring his legal methods developed at LCAC into the "capital of capital punishment", as Texas had the highest number of executions in the United States. Guantánamo detainees{{Main|Extraordinary rendition by the United States}}Since returning to the UK, Stafford Smith has worked as the legal director of Reprieve, a British non-profit NGO that is opposed to the death penalty.[4] During his career in the US, by 2002 Stafford Smith had lost appeals in four death penalty cases, but had won nearly 300, earning reprieves from execution for those convicts.[2] From 2002 Stafford Smith volunteered his services to detainees held as enemy combatants at the United States detainment camp at Guantanamo Bay, established under President George W. Bush as part of the Global War on Terror. Stafford Smith has assisted in filing habeas corpus petitions and lawsuits on behalf of 128 detainees. His clients have included Shaker Aamer, Jamil al Banna, Sami Al Hajj, Sami Al Laithi, Abdul Salam Gaithan Mureef Al Shehry, Moazzam Begg, Omar Deghayes, Jamal Kiyemba, Binyam Mohammed and Hisham Sliti. In a BBC interview, when asked why he was representing detainees, Stafford Smith answered that "liberty is eroded at the margins".[8] He returned to Britain in August 2004. That December he prepared a 50-page brief for the defense of Saddam Hussein, arguing that the former dictator should be tried in the U.S.A under U.S. criminal law.[9] On 29 August 2005, Stafford Smith addressed attendees at the Greenbelt festival, a major UK Christian festival, telling them about the second hunger strike at Guantanamo. He warned the audience that prisoners were likely to die very soon. Due to restrictions imposed by the Pentagon (DOD), lawyers' notes must be filed with an intelligence clearing house in Virginia, before release. Conversations with clients are considered classified, and cannot be discussed until they have full clearance. Smith had to wait until 27 August 2005 to publicly reveal that the hunger strikes had started again on 5 August 2005. Two of his clients, Binyam "Benjamin" Mohammed and Hisham Sliti, participated in the hunger strikes. In an interview broadcast by BBC television evening news on 9 September 2005, Stafford Smith said that the second hunger strike was to protest against the imprisonment of juveniles under the age of 18 in Guantanamo Bay.[10] Stafford Smith contributed to The Guardian with an opinion piece on the significance of the U.S. Supreme Court's 29 June 2006 ruling in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, which found the Combatant Status Review Tribunals and military commissions to be unconstitutional. The Court held that the executive branch did not have the authority to set up a justice system outside the existing civil and military legal systems.[11] Stafford Smith thought that George W. Bush should have been secretly relieved that the more conservative members of the Supreme Court, who supported the administration's appeal against the lower court's ruling, were in the minority. He wrote: In the end, I suspect there was a collective sigh of relief from the White House that the lunatic fringe did not prevail. The Bush administration has finally recognized that it must close Guantánamo but — for all that Bush bangs on about the importance of personal responsibility — it wanted someone else to take the blame.[11] Stafford Smith published a memoir about his experiences at Guantanamo, Bad Men: Guantánamo Bay and the Secret Prisons (2007). It was shortlisted for the 2008 Orwell Prize for political writing.[12] Interviewed by Jon Snow of Channel 4 News on 26 March 2009, Stafford Smith said about the treatment of detainees, "I would go one step further: the torture decisions were being made in the White House, by the National Security Council, Dick Cheney and Condoleezza Rice." He asserted that although the British had not carried out the torture, they were complicit in it. Stafford Smith concluded that, in trying to keep the torture allegations secret, the US authorities were "confusing national security with national embarrassment".[13] In July 2010, Stafford Smith accused former Foreign Secretary David Miliband of "fighting tooth and nail" to prevent the release of vital documents during the Binyam Mohamed case.[14] On 9 June 2015, he told an audience that he had visited the facility 34 times.[15] In 2013, he went on hunger strike as part of a campaign for the release of Guantanamo detainee Shaker Aamer, who was finally released in 2015.[16] Awards
Publications
References1. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3614567/Knight-of-the-living-dead.html Knight of the living dead] The Daily Telegraph - 30 Jan 2005 2. ^1 "The Great Defender", BBC News, 11 March 2002, accessed 22 April 2016 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/guantanamo/article2203501.html|title=Who’s still held at Guantánamo|website=miamiherald|language=en|access-date=2019-02-06}} 4. ^1 2 3 Profile at Reprieve 5. ^1 Fourteen Days in May 6. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMNlRovT5x4] 7. ^{{citation | url=http://gracelaw.org/ |title= Funding reprieve from Death Row| accessdate=14 December 2016 }} 8. ^{{citation| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kaLI2g-kYcU | title= Insight with Clive Stafford-Smith - Defending Terror Suspects of Guantanamo | work = Frontline | date= 15 August 2007 | accessdate= 14 December 2016 }} 9. ^{{citation| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-1409391,00.html |title=Saddam bids to challenge case in U.S. |work= The Sunday Times|date= 19 December 2004|accessdate=14 December 2016}} 10. ^{{citation| url=http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/2009/06/01/a-child-at-guantanamo-the-unending-torment-of-mohamed-jawad/ | title=A Child at Guantanamo: The Unending Torment of Mohamed Jawad | work= Andy Worthington website|date= 1 June 2009|accessdate=14 December 2016 }} 11. ^1 "A good day for democracy: The ruling against the Guantanamo tribunals is good news for everyone — even George Bush", The Guardian, 30 June 2006. 12. ^"Shortlist 2008" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314133305/http://www.theorwellprize.co.uk/the-award/short-books.aspx |date=14 March 2008 }}, The Orwell Prize 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/politics/international_politics/torture+allegations+investigated+/3049567|title=Interview: Mohammed's lawyer Clive Stafford Smith|date=26 March 2009|publisher=Channel 4 News|accessdate=28 March 2009}} 14. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-1295158/TORTURE-INQUIRY-Nailed-David-Miliband-6-lies-abuse.html?ito=feeds-newsxml | location=London | work=Daily Mail | title=Nailed, Miliband and six lies on torture | first=Peter | last=Oborne | date=16 July 2010}} 15. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMNlRovT5x4 16. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jul/12/hunger-striking-solidarity-guantanamo-detainees|title=Why we are hunger-striking in solidarity with Guantánamo's detainees {{!}} Clive Stafford Smith|last=Smith|first=Clive Stafford|date=2013-07-12|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-02-06|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} 17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/55710/supplement/35|title=Supplement 55710|date=30 December 1999|work=The London Gazette|page=35|accessdate=21 March 2017}} 18. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.gandhifoundation.org/peaceaward.html| title=Gandhi International Peace Award citation| publisher=Gandhi Foundation| author=| date=| accessdate=21 October 2008| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802181057/http://www.gandhifoundation.org/peaceaward.html| archivedate=2 August 2008| df=}} 19. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.bath.ac.uk/ceremonies/hongrads/ |title=Honorary Graduates 1989 to present | publisher = University of Bath |work=bath.ac.uk |accessdate=18 February 2012}} External links
12 : 1959 births|Living people|British lawyers|Capital punishment in Louisiana|Guantanamo Bay attorneys|Officers of the Order of the British Empire|People educated at Radley College|People from Cambridge|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni|Columbia Law School alumni|Gandhi International Peace Award Recipients|British anti–death penalty activists |
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