| 词条 | Highworth |
| 释义 |
|static_image_name= Traffic lights at Highworth town centre. - geograph.org.uk - 307469.jpg |static_image_caption= West end of the High Street, 2007 |static_image_alt= Traffic junction with Queen Anne redbrick house beyond |country= England |official_name= Highworth |civil_parish= Highworth |coordinates = {{coord|51.631|-1.712|display=inline,title}} |population= 8151 |population_ref= (2011 census)[1] |unitary_england= Borough of Swindon |lieutenancy_england= Wiltshire |region = South West England |constituency_westminster= North Swindon |post_town= Swindon |postcode_district= SN6 |postcode_area= SN |dial_code= 01793 |os_grid_reference= SU200925 |website = Town Council }} Highworth is a market town and civil parish in Wiltshire, England, about {{convert|6|mi|km|0}} northeast of Swindon town centre. The 2011 Census recorded a population of 8,151.[1] The town is notable for its Queen Anne and Georgian buildings, dating from its pre-eminence in the 18th century. HistoryHighworth is on a hill in a strategic position above the Upper Thames Valley, and seems to have been occupied almost continuously for 4,000 years.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}} It is mentioned in the Domesday Book as 'Wrde'.[2] On John Speed's map of Wiltshire (1611), the name is spelt both Highwoth (for the hundred) and Hiworth (for the town itself). In 1206 it was granted a charter for its market, which is still held weekly.[3] The origins and layout of Highworth are medieval. Highworth was a Royalist stronghold in the English Civil War,[4] but on 17 June 1645 Sir Thomas Fairfax captured it and Parliamentarian troops garrisoned it until October the next year. The occupation coincided with a severe outbreak of plague. Traders moved their business to Swindon, and Highworth market did not recover until the end of the 17th century. Highworth benefited from the economic boom in the Napoleonic Wars and Industrial Revolution, and many of the houses in the town centre date from this time. From 1894 to 1974 there was a Highworth Rural District but the town is now part of Swindon unitary authority. Highworth was once larger than neighbouring Swindon, when Highworth's population exceeded 12,000.[5] GeographyHighworth is on a hill above the Upper Thames Valley, and at {{convert|436|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level it is the highest town in Wiltshire.[6] The parish includes Sevenhampton village and the hamlets of Hampton and Redlands. Highworth is the most north-easterly town in Wiltshire, near the border with Oxfordshire. The town is 39 miles (63 km) north-northeast of Salisbury, the same distance east-northeast of Bristol, 6 miles (10 km) northeast of Swindon and 69 miles (109 km) west of London. EconomyMany residents work at the Honda car factory between Highworth and Swindon.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}} Highworth is a typical small market town with a variety of small shops; tourists use it as a base for the surrounding Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}} Culture and communityThe town is twinned with Pontorson in Normandy. Highworth Community Centre opened in the former Northview Primary School in June 2011.[7] LandmarksThe Church of England parish church of St Michael (see below) is at the centre of the town, at the corner of the High Street and the A361 Swindon Road. The centre of the old town, with many fine Georgian and Queen Anne houses, has been a conservation area since 1976.[8] The Old Manor House in the High Street, dating from 1656, is a Grade II* listed building.[9] TransportHighworth was the terminus of a Great Western Railway branch line from {{rws|Swindon}}, the Highworth branch line, which was closed to passengers in 1953 and to goods in 1962.[10] Nowadays, the nearest station is at Swindon, {{Convert|5+1/2|mi|km|0|abbr=}} to the southwest.[11] The Great Western main line passes through open countryside around 3 miles south of the town, en route to Reading and London. The A361 road forms a north-south route through Highworth, while the B4019 is on an east-west axis passing through the suburb of Hampton. EducationHighworth Warneford School is a secondary school on Shrivenham Road, neighbouring with Southfield Junior School, Eastrop Infant School, and Vorda Pre-School. ChurchesThe Church of England parish church is dedicated to St Michael and All Angels. The parish includes the churches of St James, Sevenhampton and St John the Baptist, Inglesham.[12] The Highworth Community Church was founded more than 30 years ago and is based in the Community Centre.[13] Two Methodist chapels were built in 1838 and 1842. The first one proved too small so a new one was built on the Elms in 1856. In 1964 the two congregations combined to build a larger chapel on the current site. This church was in turn enlarged in 1992.[14] SportHighworth Town F.C. is a Non-League football club that plays at the Elms Recreation Ground. Highworth Cricket Club are in the Wiltshire County Cricket League and South Gloucestershire and Wiltshire Village League (Sundays). The club play at the Elms Recreation Ground. Public servicesHighworth was first recorded as a post town in 1673. From 1835 to 1839 there was a Penny Post between Highworth and Cold Harbour, a village on the Swindon – Cirencester road near Broad Blunsdon.[15] Mrs Mabel Stranks, who was postmistress here in the Second World War, was a key contact for members of the Auxiliary Units, a resistance organisation.[16] A memorial plaque on the wall of the former post office records her contribution. Notable people
References{{commonscat}}1. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11124589&c=Highworth&d=16&e=62&g=6393409&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1412978063242&enc=1 |title=Area: Highworth (Parish) |work=Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics |publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=10 October 2014}} 2. ^Highworth previous names 3. ^Highworth Market 4. ^English civil war Highworth 5. ^Highworth population info 6. ^Highworth Historical Society website 7. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.highworthcommunitycentre.co.uk/?page_id=2 |title=About Us |publisher=Highworth Community Partnership Group}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Highworth Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan|publisher=Swindon Borough Council|url=http://www.swindon.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/1087/conservation_area_appraisal_-_highworth.pdf|accessdate=26 January 2016}} 9. ^{{National Heritage List for England|num=1355951|desc=The Old Manor House|access-date=26 January 2016}} 10. ^{{cite book|title=Wiltshire Railway Stations|last1=Oakley|first1=Mike|publisher=The Dovecote Press|year=2004|isbn=1-904349-33-1|location=Wimborne|pages=65–67}} 11. ^https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/UK_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Highworth%2C%20Swindon%2C%20UK&toplace=Swindon%20Rail%20Station%2C%20Station%20Road%2C%20Swindon%2C%20UK&dt1=ChIJL2sRgWFIcUgRX57mMv8AmcI&dt2=ChIJm4HuYThEcUgRZ71moZ1hlTw 12. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.stmichaelshighworth.co.uk/welcome.htm |title=Welcome – St Michael and All Angels |publisher=St Michael and All Angels, Highworth}} 13. ^{{cite web |url= http://highworth-swindon.org/about |title= About Us |publisher= Highworth Community Church |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130212100959/http://highworth-swindon.org/about |archivedate= 12 February 2013 |df= dmy-all }} 14. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.highworthmethodistchurch.org.uk/history.html |title=History |publisher=Highworth Methodist Church}} 15. ^{{cite book |last=Siggers |first=Dr John |year=1982 |title=Wiltshire and its Postmarks |place=Devizes |publisher=Sandcliff Press |page=309 |isbn=0-9507685-0-2}} 16. ^Hitler's Britain, Channel 5, 3 July 2003 External links
4 : Civil parishes in Wiltshire|Market towns in Wiltshire|Towns in Wiltshire|Borough of Swindon |
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