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词条 Hillary Step
释义

  1. See also

  2. References

  3. External links

{{recentism|date=October 2017}}

The Hillary Step is, or possibly was, a nearly vertical rock face with a height of around {{convert|12|m|0}} located very high on Mount Everest at approximately {{convert|8790|m|0}} above sea level, near the summit.[1] It is located on the southeast ridge, halfway between the "South Summit" and the true summit, and is the last real challenge before reaching the top of the mountain via the southeast route.[2] The Step is named after Sir Edmund Hillary, who was the first known person, along with Tenzing Norgay, to scale it on the way to the summit.

It was suspected in 2016 that the April 2015 Nepal earthquake had altered the Hillary Step, but there was so much snow it was not clear whether it had truly changed.[3][4] It was reported in May 2017 by climbers including mountaineer Tim Mosedale that "the Hillary Step is no more", although the full extent and interpretation of the changes are still nascent.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] There are multiple pictures of before and after. Another climber who thought the Step changed by 2016 was six-time Everest summiter David Liaño Gonzalez,[12] who summited in 2013 and 2016, when the relevant changes are reported to have occurred.[13][14] However, some important Nepalese climbers, including Ang Tshering Sherpa, chairman of the Nepal Mountaineering Association, have reported that the Step is still intact but covered in more snow than before.[15][16] Later in the year, after seeing a large exhibition of photos from 2006 to 2016 he did agree that at least the upper portion of the step had indeed changed.[17]

Peter Hillary, Edmund Hillary's son, was asked his opinion about the Step based on photos.[18] He agreed it was there in part, but seemed to think it had undergone some sort of a change, noting especially what looked like a fresh broken rock.[18] By early June 2017 more reports and photographic evidence came in, with Garrett Madison reporting that the step had conclusively changed.[19] Dave Hahn, who has climbed Everest 15 times, was shown photos and agreed that it was changed.[19] A special kind of mourning hit the community with realization of missing rocks and freshly hewn scars of new coloured rock at this landmark feature.[19] Hahn noted how it was great tribute to Hillary and Tenzing and he thought of them whenever he scrambled over it.[19]

Later in 2017, mountaineering guide Lhakpa Rangdu did a photo exhibition at the Nepal Tourism Board showing how the Hillary Step area had changed in the relevant years.[17] Rangdu has climbed Everest multiple times since 2005, including before and after the big Nepal earthquake, and he is a trained photographer.[17] The combination of these skills—high-altitude photography and mountaineering—allowed him to provide a photographic history of the Hillary step feature, and he has stated that it is indeed gone, crumbled by the Ghorka earthquake that devastated Nepal and Chinese Tibet.[17]

The Step is known as the most technically difficult part of the typical Nepal-side Everest climb.[20] In some climbing seasons after heavy snowfall, the rock face could be bypassed with snow/ice climbing.[21] Climbing the Hillary Step has the danger of a {{convert|10000|ft|adj=on}} drop on the right (when going up) and an {{convert|8000|ft|adj=on}} drop on the left.[22][23] The Hillary Step is where the late Anatoli Boukreev found a body hanging from ropes at the base of the step as relayed by his book The Climb.[24] One expedition noted that climbing the Hillary Step was "strenuous", but did offer some protection from the elements.[25] An unaided Hillary Step climb was rated as a Class 4 rock climb, but at almost {{convert|29000|ft|adj=on}} altitude.[26]

When Hillary and Tenzing first climbed the Hillary Step on 29 May 1953, they climbed the crack between the snow and the rock.[27] Hillary reported that the snow on the step was harder than at lower elevation.[28]

In later years ascent and descent over the Step has generally been made with the assistance of fixed ropes, usually placed there by the first ascending team of the season. With increasing numbers of people climbing the mountain, the Step frequently becomes a bottleneck, with climbers forced to wait significant amounts of time for their turn on the ropes, leading to problems in getting climbers efficiently up and down the mountain. Only one climber at a time can traverse it.[29] In a good climbing situation it is about a two-hour climb from the South Summit to the Hillary Step, one to two hours to climb the cliff, and then another 20 minutes from the top of the Hillary Step to the summit of Mount Everest.[29]

Before 2015, the descending sequence along Everest's southeast ridge was:[2][21]

  • Summit of Everest
  • Final slope to summit
  • Hillary Step {{convert|40|ft|adj=on}} rock cliff
  • Cornice traverse (knife-edge ridge)
  • South Summit of Everest
  • The Balcony ({{convert|27500|ft|adj=on}})[21][30]

See also

  • Mount Everest in 2017
  • Hillary Montes (Also named after Edmund Hillary)
  • Hillary Peak
  • Aiguille du Dru (2005 rock-fall ended climbing of Bonatti route)
  • Mount Cook (2013 rock-fall shortened mountain)
  • Three Steps

References

1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qJjIBFOMsQsC&pg=PT111&dq=hillary+step&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDg9q06fzTAhVD2yYKHYU7C9IQ6AEILTAC#v=onepage&q=hillary%20step&f=false|title=ON TOP OF WORLD: My Everest Adventure|last=Vajpai|first=Arjun|date=10 November 2010|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=9788184753042|language=en}}
2. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pDYJDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT289&dq=hillary+step&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDg9q06fzTAhVD2yYKHYU7C9IQ6AEIOTAE#v=onepage&q=hillary%20step&f=false|title=Many Everests: An Inspiring Journey of Transforming Dreams Into Reality|last=Kumar|first=Ravindra|date=14 February 2017|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9789386141347|language=en}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2016/did-everests-hillary-step-collapse-in-the-nepal-earthquake/|title=Did Everest’s Hillary Step collapse in the Nepal earthquake?|date=25 May 2016|work=Mark Horrell|access-date=19 May 2017|language=en-GB}}
4. ^'I honestly couldn't recognise it' – the Hillary Step has changed. Stuff August 19, 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://twitter.com/timmosedale/status/866318646620172289|title=Tim Mosedale on Twitter|work=Twitter|access-date=22 May 2017|language=en}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://m.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11695931|title=Mt Everest's Hillary Step potentially collapsed in earthquake|last=Herald|first=New Zealand|website=m.nzherald.co.nz|access-date=19 May 2017}}
7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/alpinism/everest-hillary-step-collapsed.html|title=Everest Hillary Step collapsed|work=PlanetMountain.com|access-date=19 May 2017|language=en}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2017/05/17/everest-2017-teams-prepare-for-huge-summit-push/|title=Summit Without the Hillary Step!|author=|date=|website=AlanArnette.com|access-date=22 May 2017}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2017/05/mt-everest-s-hillary-step-destroyed.html|title=Mt Everest's Hillary Step destroyed|publisher=Newshub|date=20 May 2017}}
10. ^{{Cite web | last=Lyons | first=Kate | date=21 May 2017 | title=Mount Everest's Hillary Step has collapsed, mountaineer confirms| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/21/part-of-mount-everest-has-collapsed-mountaineers-confirm | website=TheGuardian.com | access-date=22 May 2017 | quote=Mosedale, who reached Everest’s summit for the sixth time on 16 May, posted a photograph of what remains of the Hillary Step when he returned to base camp. It shows the topography has changed significantly compared with photographs taken a few years ago.}}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39997548|title=Everest's Hillary Step: Has it gone or not?|date=22 May 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=22 May 2017|language=en-GB}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2017/05/17/everest-2017-teams-prepare-for-huge-summit-push/|title=Everest 2017: Teams Prepare for Huge Summit Push - The Blog on alanarnette.com|author=|date=17 May 2017|website=AlanArnette.com|access-date=26 May 2017}}
13. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/Nepal/Rush-for-Everest-glory-records-begin/Article1-1062798.aspx |title=Rush for Everest glory, records begin |work=The Hindustan Times |date=May 20, 2013 |access-date=20 May 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522141024/http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/Nepal/Rush-for-Everest-glory-records-begin/Article1-1062798.aspx |archivedate=2013-05-22 |df= }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/1st-foreign-climbers-scale-everest-in-2-years/|title=2 Brits, Mexican are 1st foreigners on Everest in 2 years|author=|date=11 May 2016|website=SeattleTimes.com|access-date=26 May 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/23/mount-everests-hillary-step-is-still-there-say-nepalese-climbers |title=Mount Everest's Hillary Step is still there, say Nepalese climbers |date=May 23, 2017 |publisher=The Guardian |access-date=May 24, 2017 }}
16. ^{{cite web | last=Gurubacharya | first=Binaj | date=23 May 2017 | title=Nepali climbers say outcrop near top of Everest is intact | url=https://apnews.com/399fe065f3724a529b616b9198baa135/Nepali-climbers-say-outcrop-near-top-of-Everest-is-intact | website=APNews.com | publisher= | access-date=26 May 2017 | agency= | via= | quote=}}
17. ^1 2 3 Rangdu’s photo exhibit reveals truth about Hillary Step
18. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/93001131/mount-everests-hillary-step-is-missing-a-large-block-but-is-still-there-mountaineers-son-says|title=Mount Everest's Hillary Step is missing a 'large block' but is still there, mountaineer's son says|website=Stuff|access-date=26 May 2017}}
19. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=https://www.outsideonline.com/2191911/american-climbers-confirm-hillary-step-gone|title=American Climbers Confirm the Hillary Step Is Gone|last=Bouchard|first=Jay|date=2017-06-12|work=Outside Online|access-date=2017-06-14|language=en}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://intothinairmcwilliams.wikispaces.com/Photos|title=Into Thin Air - Photos|website=intothinairmcwilliams.wikispaces.com|access-date=20 May 2017}}
21. ^1 2 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiSgyRhsUrgC&pg=PA92&dq=hillary+step&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1t_T16_zTAhVBQSYKHeZpD6E4ChDoAQgnMAE#v=onepage&q=hillary%20step&f=false|title=Climbing the Seven Summits: A Comprehensive Guide to the Continents' Highest Peaks|last=Hamill|first=Mike|date=4 May 2012|publisher=The Mountaineers Books|isbn=9781594856495|language=en}}
22. ^[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/because-its-not-there-climbers-may-face-danger-if-everest-rsquo-s-hillary-step-collapsed/ Scientific American - Because It’s Not There: Climbers May Face Danger If Everest’s Hillary Step Collapsed (May 25, 2017)]
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgEKGGYEpZIC&pg=PA289&dq=hillary+step&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1t_T16_zTAhVBQSYKHeZpD6E4ChDoAQgzMAM#v=onepage&q=hillary+step&f=false|title=Fallen Giants: A History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes|first1=Maurice|last1=Isserman|first2=Stewart|last2=Weaver|first3=Dee|last3=Molenaar|date=1 February 2010|publisher=Yale University Press|access-date=22 May 2017|via=Google Books}}
24. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNdfCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT290&dq=hillary+step&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDg9q06fzTAhVD2yYKHYU7C9IQ6AEIPjAF#v=onepage&q=hillary%20step&f=false|title=The Climb: Tragic Ambitions on Everest|last=Boukreev|first=Anatoli|last2=DeWalt|first2=G. Weston|date=22 September 2015|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=9781250099822|language=en}}
25. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fP5hratMoogC&pg=PA56&dq=hillary+step&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1t_T16_zTAhVBQSYKHeZpD6E4ChDoAQhTMAg#v=onepage&q=hillary%20step&f=false|title=American Alpine Journal, 1991|last=Carter|first=H. Adams|date=1991-01-01|publisher=The Mountaineers Books|isbn=9780930410469|language=en}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.outsideonline.com/1814451/everest-climb-technical|title=Is an Everest Climb "Technical"?|author=|date=30 March 2010|website=OutsideOnline.com|access-date=28 May 2017}}
27. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBILmF2PguMC&pg=PT19&dq=hillary+step&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiDg9q06fzTAhVD2yYKHYU7C9IQ6AEIRTAG#v=onepage&q=hillary%20step&f=false|title=Hillary and Norgay: To the Top of Mount Everest|last=Whipple|first=Heather|date=2007|publisher=Crabtree Publishing Company|isbn=9780778724186|language=en}}
28. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JgEKGGYEpZIC&pg=PA289&dq=hillary+step&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1t_T16_zTAhVBQSYKHeZpD6E4ChDoAQgzMAM#v=onepage&q=hillary%20step&f=false|title=Fallen Giants: A History of Himalayan Mountaineering from the Age of Empire to the Age of Extremes|last=Isserman|first=Maurice|last2=Weaver|first2=Stewart|last3=Molenaar|first3=Dee|date=1 February 2010|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300164203|language=en}}
29. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fiSgyRhsUrgC&pg=PA92&dq=hillary+step&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1t_T16_zTAhVBQSYKHeZpD6E4ChDoAQgnMAE#v=onepage&q=hillary+step&f=false|title=Climbing the Seven Summits: A Comprehensive Guide to the Continents' Highest Peaks|first=Mike|last=Hamill|date=4 May 2012|publisher=The Mountaineers Books|access-date=22 May 2017|via=Google Books}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2016/did-everests-hillary-step-collapse-in-the-nepal-earthquake/|title=Did Everest’s Hillary Step collapse in the Nepal earthquake?|author=Leo and jack |date=25 May 2016|website=MarkHorrell.com|access-date=26 May 2017}}

External links

  • Rock and Ice - The Hillary Step: Gone, Altered, or Simply Hidden? (May 2017)
  • [https://www.panoramio.com/photo/8021970 Link to a picture of the Hillary Step feature] (circa 2008)
  • [https://brooksrange.wordpress.com/2013/05/13/the-risks-of-high-altitude-climbing/ Part way down is picture from on it looking up]
  • Gallery with many step photos
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aigf5Eb9ReA Helmet cam near step at around 1:30]
{{Mount Everest}}{{coord|27.9871066|N|86.9256306|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

3 : Climbing areas|Mount Everest|2015 Nepal earthquake
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