| 词条 | Hill pigeon |
| 释义 |
| name = Hill pigeon | image = Hill Pigeon, near Dras, Jammu and Kashmir, India.jpg | image_caption = Hill pigeon, near Dras, Jammu and Kashmir, India | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Columba | species = rupestris | authority = Pallas, 1811 | synonyms = }} The hill pigeon, eastern rock dove, or Turkestan hill dove (Columba rupestris) is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. DescriptionThe hill pigeon is a stout-bodied pigeon, similar in size and general appearance to the rock pigeon, but mainly differentiated by its tail pattern which consist of a broad, white tail-band across the black tail. Other differences include a paler mantle and upper wings and a white patch on the back. In flight, the tail pattern is similar to the snow pigeon, but lacks the contrast between the head and neck in that species. Taxonomy and systematicsTwo races are recognized:
Distribution and statusIt is found in China, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan. This pigeon is comparatively restricted in range of Pakistan to the furthest northern inner valleys of the Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Pamirs. In Pakistan, it occurs in northern Chitral, particularly in the western part bordering Nuristan in Afghanistan, further east in valleys of Gilgit in Yasin and Hunza and Karakoram ranges in Baltistan from about 2000 m in winter up to 5500 m during summer. Though the overall population is decreasing, the rate of decrease is not alarming and the bird is widely distributed and abundant; it is classified as least concern by the IUCN.[1] Behaviour and ecologyThis species frequents open rugged country from 1,500 to 6,100 m above sea level. They are closely related to rock pigeons, but more commonly are found at higher altitudes.[2] A gregarious species throughout the year, they feed in flocks in the terraced, cultivated fields. They often mix with flocks of rock pigeons. They are very tame and are often found near human settlements, camps, and pilgrimage routes.[3] In Tajikistan, it has been recorded as starting to nest as early as February, with many young just fledging as late as September in northeastern Tibet. The males have a bowing display similar to that of the rock pigeon and display and courtship is similar. They nest in dense colonies on cliffs, gorges, and rocky outcrops. In Tibet, the nests are often placed in houses, both inhabited and empty, or in holes in the wall.[4] Nests consist of a platform of twigs or plant stems in which generally two eggs are laid. They may raise two brood in a year.[4] Their feeding habits are similar to rock pigeons, being mainly granivorous, supplementing their diet with green shoot and leaves and occasionally small mollusks such as snails. On some occasions, they become very opportunistic, feeding on leftover food, partially digested food from kiang dung, and even undigested food from stomach of kiang carcasses which are ripped open by other predators.[5] ==References== 1. ^1 {{IUCN|id=22690074 |title=Columba rupestris |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^{{cite book| last =Gibbs | first =David |author2=Eustace Barnes |author3=John Cox | title =Pigeons and Doves: A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World | publisher =Pica Press | location =United Kingdom | pages =624 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=aeZXAAAACAAJ&dq=Pigeons+and+Doves:+A+Guide+to+the+Pigeons+and+Doves+of+the+World| doi = | id = | isbn =1-873403-60-7 }} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Rasmussen PC|author2=JC Anderton|last-author-amp=yes | year=2005| title= Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Volume 2|page=205| publisher=Smithsonian Institution & Lynx Edicions}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|pages=222–223| title=Fauna of British India. Birds|volume=5| edition=2nd| author=Baker, ECS|url=https://archive.org/stream/BakerFbiBirds5/BakerFBI5#page/n242/mode/1up |publisher=Taylor and Francis, London| year=1928}} 5. ^{{cite journal|author= Francis M.|author2= Clement |year=2005| title=Birds of Ladakh| journal= Indian Birds| volume=1| issue=5| pages=109–114}} External links
11 : Columba (genus)|Birds of China|Birds of the Himalayas|Birds of Kazakhstan|Birds of Korea|Birds of Kyrgyzstan|Birds of Tajikistan|Birds of Tibet|Birds of Yunnan|Birds described in 1811|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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