| 词条 | Hindon River |
| 释义 |
| name = Hindon River | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = River Hindon - Aerial View - Ghaziabad 2016-08-04 5764.JPG | image_size = | image_caption = Aerial view of river Hindon, Ghaziabad | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = India | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = Uttar Pradesh | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|400|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = Upper Shivaliks | source1_location = Saharanpur district, India | source1_coordinates= {{coord|35|05|N|77|08|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = | mouth = Yamuna | mouth_location = India | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|04|N|77|04|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|7083|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} Hindon River, a tributary of Yamuna river, is a river in India that originates in the Saharanpur District, from Upper Shivalik in Lower Himalayan Range. The river is entirely rainfed and has an approximate catchment area of {{convert|7083|km2|mi2}}. It flows between Ganges and Yamuna rivers for {{convert|400|km|mi}} through Muzaffarnagar District, Meerut District, Baghpat District, Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida before it joins Yamuna river just outside Delhi.[1] The Hindon Air Force Base of the Indian Air Force also lies on its bank in the Ghaziabad district on the outskirts of Delhi.[2] TributaryKali river, which originates in the Doon Valley and travels about {{convert|150|km|mi}} passing through Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, Meerut and Bagpat districts, merges with Hindon River, before it merges with the Yamuna River. The Kali river is also highly polluted and adds to the pollution of the Hindon, as it passes through populated and industrial belt of Uttar Pradesh.[1]Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam has not taken serious steps to beautify the river. MythologyNear Sardhana lies the ancient Mahadev Temple that is believed to be dating from the Mahabharata period, and where the Pandavas prayed before leaving for the Lakshagrih, the notorious palace made of lac by Duryodhana, at the confluence of the Hindon (previously known as Harnandi) and Krishna rivers (Kali River, Kali Nadi) at Varnavrat, the present Barnava, and where the prince resided with their mother Kunti.[3] HistoryAn Indus Valley Civilization (fl. 3300–1300 BCE) site, Alamgirpur is located along the Hindon River, {{convert|28|km|mi}} from Delhi.[4] During 1857-58, Ghaziabad city was a scene of fighting during the Indian Mutiny, when Indian soldiers in the Bengal Army that was under the British East India Company mutinied but soon turned into a widespread uprising against British rule in India. The Hindon River, in particular, was the site of several skirmishes between Indian troops and British soldiers in 1857 including the Battle of Badli-ki-Serai and today, the graves of the British soldiers and officers can still be seen. Ghaziabad’s place in Northern Indian history is assured by the birth of many freedom fighters who played a role in various revolutions all dedicated to the attainment of freedom for all who have lived – and are still living – there. Hindon VahiniThe industries of western Uttar Pradesh discharge their effluents, often with no treatment, directly into the hindon River. This heavy loading characterizes the presence of toxic contaminants and for biological diversity of river ecology. Dissolved oxygen levels are zero throughout the length of this river. But now many NGOs have came forward to rejuvenate this river. Abhiyans like Hindon Kali and Krishna Bachao Abhiyan are held by locals. NGOs with RWA are working to aware local and trying to remove solid non-biodegradable wastes like plastic from the river. Now, farming are reducing chemical fertilizes and pesticides near the flood plains. References1. ^1 {{cite book |title=Hydrology and water resources of India- Volume 57 of Water science and technology library - Tributaries of Yamuna river|last=Jain |first=Sharad K.|authorlink= |author2=Pushpendra K. Agarwal |author3=Vijay P. Singh |year=2007|publisher=Springer|location= |isbn=1-4020-5179-4|page=350 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=RA1-PA345&dq=Yamuna+River&lr=&as_brr=0#v=onepage&q=Yamuna%20River&f=false |ref= }} 2. ^Hindon Air Base GlobalSecurity.org 3. ^Epic Proportion: Sardhana - There’s more to Sardhana than the church.. The Economic Times, 6 March 2008. 4. ^{{Cite book|title=Indian Archaeology, A Review (1958-1959)|chapter=Excavations at Alamgirpur|location=Delhi|publisher=Archaeol. Surv. India|pages=51–52|editor=A. Ghosh}} External links
3 : Rivers of Uttar Pradesh|Tributaries of the Yamuna River|Rivers of Delhi |
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