“Hindu units of time”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Various fragments of time are used in Hindu Scriptures like Vedas, Bhagavata Purana, Vishnu Puran, Mahabharata, Suryasidhanta etc. A summary of the Hindu metrics of time ({{IAST|kāla}} vyavahāra) follows.{{Citation needed|reason=Previously cited book cites a personal blog which is not available anymore|date=September 2018}}

Sidereal metrics

Small units of time used in the Vedas

Lunar metrics

Tropical metrics

Reckoning of time among other entities

Among the Pitṛs (forefathers)

Among the Devas

The life span of any Hindu deva spans nearly (or more than) 4.5 million years. Statistically, we can also look it as:

The {{IAST|Viṣṇu Purāṇa}} Time measurement section of the {{IAST|Viṣṇu Purāṇa}} Book I Chapter III explains the above as follows:

For Brahma

Four Yugas

The four yugas which come one after the other are as follows (along with their durations):

The cycle repeats itself, so altogether there are 1,000 cycles of Mahā-Yuga in one day of Brahma.

Current date

Currently, 50 years of Brahma have elapsed. The last Kalpa at the end of the 50th year is called Padma Kalpa. We are currently in the first 'day' of the 51st year.^[10] This Brahma's day, Kalpa is named as Shveta-Varaha Kalpa. Within this Day, six Manvantaras have already elapsed^[11] and this is the seventh Manvantara, named as – Vaivasvatha Manvantara (or Sraddhadeva Manvantara). Within the Vaivasvatha Manvantara, 27 Mahayugas^[11] (4 Yugas together is a Mahayuga), and the Krita,^[12] Treta and Dwapara Yugas of the 28th Mahayuga have elapsed. This Kaliyuga is in the 28th Mahayuga. This Kaliyuga began in the year 3102 BCE in the proleptic Julian Calendar.^[13] Since 50 years of Brahma have already elapsed, this is the second Parardha, also called as Dvithiya Parardha.

Calculating the elapsed time since current Brahma's creation

8.64 × 10⁹ × 30 × 12 = 3.1104 Trillion Years (1 year of Brahma)
3.1104 × 10¹² × 50 = 155.52 trillion years (50 years of Brahma)

(6 × 71 × 4320000) + 7 × 1.728 × 10^6 = 1852416000 years elapsed in first six Manvataras, and Sandhi Kalas in the current Kalpa

27 × 4320000 = 116640000 years elapsed in first 27 Mahayugas of the current Manvantara

1.728 × 10^6 + 1.296 × 10^6 + 864000 = 3888000 years elapsed in current Mahayuga

155520000000000 + 1852416000 + 116640000 + 3888000 + 5119 = 155,521,972,949,120 years

(one hundred fifty-five trillion, five hundred twenty-one billion, nine hundred seventy-two million, nine hundred forty-nine thousand, one hundred twenty years) as of 2018 AD

Total age of Brahma is 100 (Brahma Years) which is equal to 311,040,000,000,000 Human years

The current Kali Yuga began at midnight 17 February / 18 February in 3102 BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar.^[14] As per the information above about Yuga periods, only 5,120 years are passed out of 432,000 years of current Kali Yuga, and hence another 426,880 years are left to complete this 28th Kali Yuga of Vaivaswatha Manvantara.{{refn|group=note|According to Sri Yukteswar Giri, guru of Paramahansa Yogananda, The ascending phase of the Kali Yuga began in September 499 CE. Since September 1699, we have been in the ascending phase of the Dwapara Yuga. According to Sri Yukteswar, nobody wanted to announce the bad news of the beginning of the descending Kali Yuga, so they kept adding years to the Dvapara date (at that time 2400 Dvapara) only retitling the epoch to Kali.{{sfn|Yukteswar|1949}}}}

See also

Notes

1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units|publisher=Springer|page=3|author=S.V. Gupta}}
2. ^{{cite book|title=Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science--from the Baby|author=Dick Teresi|page=174|publisher=SimonandSchuster}}
3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&pg=PA5&dq=Truti+lava&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwju9_K1687VAhUBOY8KHSTvAycQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=Truti%20lava&f=false|title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units|publisher=Springer|page=5|author=S.V. Gupta}}
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units|publisher=Springer|page=5,6|author=S.V. Gupta}}
5. ^{{cite book| last = Kumar| first = Ashwini| title = Vaastu: The Art And Science Of Living| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=PwlmRgLt7WkC&pg=PA50| date = 2005| publisher = Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd| isbn = 81-207-2569-7| page = 50 }}
6. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future. International System of Units|publisher=Springer|page=6|author=S.V. Gupta}}
7. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sm0BfUKwct0C&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq=4,000+%2B+400+%2B+400+%3D+4,800+divine+years+(%3D+1,728,000+human+years)&source=bl&ots=4ICDiER4Wy&sig=mvB9BIjm8SmryEb0nKku0olSyoQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA6uHlktHVAhUGP48KHcKDDXQQ6AEIRDAI#v=onepage&q=4%2C000%20%2B%20400%20%2B%20400%20%3D%204%2C800%20divine%20years%20(%3D%201%2C728%2C000%20human%20years)&f=false|title=Tracing The Way: Spiritual Dimensions of the World Religions|publisher=A&C Black|page=50|author=Hans Kng}}
8. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pQHNDgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Power of Stars|publisher=Springer|page=182|author=Bryan E. Penprase}}
9. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.holy-bhagavad-gita.org/chapter/8/verse/17|title=Bhagavad Gita The Song of God|author=Swami Mukundananda}}
10. ^Burgess, Chapter 1, Verse 21
11. ^¹Burgess, Chapter 1, Verse 22
12. ^Burgess, Chapter 1, Verse 23
13. ^Burgess, p17
14. ^Burgess, Ebenezer [https://books.google.com/books?id=jpE7AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover Translation of the Sûrya-Siddhânta: A text-book of Hindu astronomy, with notes and an appendix] Originally published: Journal of the American Oriental Society 6 (1860) 141–498 , p17"

Time units