| 词条 | Cloud albedo |
| 释义 |
Cloud albedo, along with the greenhouse effect of clouds, strongly influence the Earth's energy budget.[3] Thick clouds (such as stratocumulus) reflect a large amount of incoming solar radiation, meaning they have a high albedo. Thin clouds (such as Cirrus) tend to transmit most solar radiation, so have low albedo.[4][5] What can change cloud albedo?Liquid Water Path (LWP)Studies have shown that cloud liquid water path varies with changing cloud droplet size, which may alter the behavior of clouds and their albedo.[6] The variations of the albedo of typical clouds in the atmosphere are dominated by the column amount of liquid water and ice in the cloud.[2] Cloud albedo varies from less than 10% to more than 90% and depends on drop sizes, liquid water or ice content, thickness of the cloud, and the sun's zenith angle. The smaller the drops and the greater the liquid water content, the greater the cloud albedo, if all other factors are the same. The Twomey Effect (Aerosol Indirect Effect)Addition of cloud nuclei by pollution can lead to an increase in solar radiation reflected by clouds.[7] Increasing aerosol concentration and aerosol density increases cloud droplet concentration, decreases cloud droplet size, and increases cloud albedo.[2][6] In macrophysically identical clouds, a cloud with few larger drops will have a lower albedo than a cloud with more smaller drops.[8] Zenith AngleThe cloud albedo increases with the total water content or depth of the cloud and with the solar zenith angle.[2] The variation of albedo with zenith angle is most rapid when the sun is near the horizon, and least when the sun is overhead. Absorption of solar radiation by plane-parallel clouds decreases with increasing zenith angle because radiation that is reflected to space at the higher zenith angles penetrates less deeply into the cloud and is therefore less likely to be absorbed.[2] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theweatherprediction.com/habyhints3/758/|title=CLOUD ALBEDO EFFECT|website=www.theweatherprediction.com|access-date=2017-05-30}} {{climate-stub}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite book|title=Global Physical Climatology|last=Hartmann|first=Dennis|publisher=ELSEVIER|year=|isbn=978-0-12-328531-7|location=Australia|pages=76–78}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Clouds/|title=Clouds & Radiation Fact Sheet : Feature Articles|last=Steve|first=Graham,|date=1999-03-01|website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-05-30}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Clouds/|title=EO Library: Clouds & Radiation Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|accessdate=2008-10-15}} 5. ^http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cms/cchen/Latham_et_al_2008.pdf{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 6. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Han|first=Qingyuan|last2=Rossow|first2=William B.|last3=Chou|first3=Joyce|last4=Welch|first4=Ronald M.|date=1998-07-01|title=Global Survey of the Relationships of Cloud Albedo and Liquid Water Path with Droplet Size Using ISCCP|url=http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011%3C1516:GSOTRO%3E2.0.CO;2|journal=Journal of Climate|volume=11|issue=7|pages=1516–1528|doi=10.1175/1520-0442(1998)0112.0.CO;2|issn=0894-8755}} 7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Twomey|first=S.|date=May 1974|title=Pollution and the Planetary Albedo|url=|journal=Pollution and Planetary Albedo|volume=|pages=1|via=}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~robwood/teaching/591/ATMS_591_Twomey_1977.pdf|title=The Twomey Effect|last=Wood|first=Rob|date=|website=atmos.washington.edu|access-date=28 May 2017}} 3 : Atmospheric radiation|Clouds|Satellite meteorology and remote sensing |
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