| 词条 | Cloud ear fungus |
| 释义 |
| name = Cloud ear fungus | image = Auricularia_polytricha.jpg | image_width = 200px | image_caption = Cloud ear fungus | regnum = Fungi | divisio = Basidiomycota | classis = Heterobasidiomycetes | ordo = Auriculariales | familia = Auriculariaceae | genus = Auricularia | species = A. polytricha | binomial = Auricularia polytricha | binomial_authority = (Mont.) Sacc. }} | name = Auricularia polytricha | whichGills = no | capShape = no | hymeniumType=smooth | stipeCharacter=NA | ecologicalType=saprotrophic | sporePrintColor=white | howEdible=choice}}Cloud ear fungus (Auricularia polytricha, syn. Hirneola polytricha) is an edible jelly fungus. It grows on trees in mountainous regions, is gray-brown in color, and is often used in Asian cooking, especially Chinese cuisine.[1] TerminologyIt is known as Mandarin {{zh|s=云耳|p=yún'ěr}}, lit. "cloud ear"{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}, {{zh|s=毛木耳|p=máomù'ěr}}, lit. "hairy wood ear"), and in Japanese it is called ara-ge-ki-kurage (アラゲキクラゲ, lit. "rough-hair-tree-jellyfish"). It is also known as black fungus, black Chinese fungus (or mushroom), wood ear fungus, wood fungus, ear fungus, or tree ear fungus, an allusion to its rubbery ear-shaped growth. In Europe, it is frequently misidentified as "Jew's ear", and "Jelly ear", which are very closely related but distinct species. In Hawaii, it is known as pepeiao which means "ear"[2] In Southeast Asia, it is known as bok née in local English (from the Hokkien 木耳 bo̍k-ní) and is used in the salad kerabu bok nee. In Indonesia and Malaysia, it is called jamur kuping, meaning "the ear mushroom", and in the Philippines, the locals call it tenga ng daga, meaning "rat's ear", due to its appearance. In Chinese cooking, it is often referred to as "Black Treasure".[1] In New Zealand, it is known as hakeke by Māori.[3] DescriptionFruit body resupinate or pileate, loosely attached, laterally and sometimes by a very short stalk, elastic, gelatinous; sterile surface dark yellowish brown to dark brown with greyish brown bands, hairy, silky. Hymenium smooth, or wrinkled, pale brown to dark brown to blackish brown with a whitish boom. Hairs thick-walled, up to 0.6 mm long. Basidia cylindrical, hyaline, three-septate, 46–60 × 4–5.5 μm with 1–3 lateral sterigmata; sterigmata 9–15 × 1.5–12 μm. spores, hyaline, reniform to allantoid, 13–16 × 4–5.5 μm, guttulate.[4] Habitat and distributionAuricularia polytricha is widely distributed in moist-deciduous to wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats, Kerala, India. This species occurs in clusters on rotting branches and twigs and on decaying stumps and logs.[4]UsesAuricularia polytricha is usually sold in dried form, and needs to be soaked in water before use. While almost tasteless, it is prized for its slippery but slightly crunchy texture, and its potential nutritional benefits.[5] The slight crunchiness persists despite most cooking processes.[6] Auricularia polytricha is coarser than Auricularia auricula-judae, and is more likely to be used in soups rather than stir-fries.[7]Māori traditionally cooked wood ear fungus by steaming in an earth oven and eating with sow thistle and potatoes.[8]According to Chinese medicine practitioners, eating dried and cooked wood ear can have health benefits for people with high blood pressure or cancer, and can prevent coronary heart disease and arteriosclerosis.[1] It may also be effective in reducing LDL cholesterol and aortic atherosclerotic plaque, as demonstrated in a study on rabbits.[9] This fungus is used in Cantonese desserts. A cup of dry cloud ear fungus contains 19.6 grams of dietary fiber.[10] Related fungi
See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Cuisine - Food - Cloud ear fungus|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/life/2011-12/29/content_14352868.htm|accessdate=4 May 2016|publisher=China Daily|date=28 February 2011}} 2. ^{{cite web|author=Elizabeth Speith |url=http://www.hear.org/species/auricularia_polytricha/ |title=Auricularia polytricha (Auriculariaceae) - HEAR species info |publisher=Hear.org |date= |accessdate=2011-02-28}} 3. ^{{cite web|author=Stephen Brightwell |url=https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/feasting-on-fungi/ |title=Feasting on Fungi|date= |accessdate=15 October 2018}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |author=Mohanan C. |title=Macrofungi of Kerala |publisher=Kerala Forest Research Institute |location=Kerala, India |year=2011 |pages=597 |isbn=81-85041-73-3}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Lana Billings|title=The nutritional benefits of wood ear fungus|url=http://www.livestrong.com/article/510629-the-nutritional-benefits-of-wood-ear-mushrooms/|website=www.livestrong.com|accessdate=5 May 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Why wood ear fungus should be a part of your daily meals|url=http://organicolivia.com/2014/11/04/why-wood-ear-black-fungus-should-be-a-staple-in-your-diet/|website=Organic Olivia|accessdate=5 May 2016}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=So|first1=Yan-kit|title=Yan-Kit's Classic Chinese Cookbook|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9781465439758|page=248|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YEO3BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248|language=en}} 8. ^{{Cite book |last=Riley|first=Murdoch |date=1988 |title=Maori Vegetable Cooking: Traditional and Modern Methods |location=New Zealand |publisher=Viking Sevenseas NZ Ltd |page=6}} 9. ^{{cite journal |pmid=2505974 |year=1989 |last1=Fan |first1=YM |last2=Xu |first2=MY |last3=Wang |first3=LY |last4=Zhang |first4=Y |last5=Zhang |first5=L |last6=Yang |first6=H |last7=Wang |first7=P |last8=Cui |first8=P |title=The effect of edible black tree fungus (Auricuaria auricula) on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=100–5 |journal=Chinese Medical Journal}} 10. ^{{cite web |title=Fungi, Cloud ears, dried |url=https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show?n1=%7BQv%3D1%7D&fg=&fgcd=&man=&lfacet=&count=&max=25&sort=c&qlookup=&offset=0&format=Abridged&new=&rptfrm=nl&ndbno=11988&nutrient1=291&nutrient2=297&nutrient3=205&subset=0&totCount=7065&measureby=g |website=National Nutrient Database |accessdate=December 13, 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://wsmbmp.org/proceedings/3rd%20international%20conference/Vol%202/MUSHCONF.PDF |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-04-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425074627/http://wsmbmp.org/proceedings/3rd%20international%20conference/Vol%202/MUSHCONF.PDF |archivedate=2012-04-25 |df= }}{{full citation needed|date=December 2012}} External links{{Commons|Auricularia auricula-judae}}
4 : Auriculariales|Chinese edible mushrooms|Edible fungi|Fungi in cultivation |
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