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词条 History of the Eurovision Song Contest
释义

  1. Competition history

  2. The songs

  3. Competitors

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

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The history of the Eurovision Song Contest began with an idea of Sergio Pugliese, of the Italian television RAI, and then approved by Marcel Bezençon of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). The contest was based on the Italian Sanremo Music Festival and was designed to test the limits of live television broadcast technology.

The first contest took place on 24 May 1956,[1] where seven nations participated. As the Contest progressed, the rules grew increasingly complex and participation levels rose to pass forty nations at the end of the 20th century. As more countries came on board over subsequent decades and technology advanced, the EBU attempted to keep up with national and international trends.

The end of the Cold War in the early 1990s led to a sudden increase in numbers, with many former Eastern Bloc countries queuing up to compete for the first time. This process continued into the 2005 contest, in which both Bulgaria and Moldova made their debut.

Liechtenstein, Vatican City and Kosovo are the only European countries not to have participated; the most recent major European country to take part was the Czech Republic, which made its debut in the 2007 contest. San Marino took part in the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade, Serbia, together with Azerbaijan.

Australia made their debut in the 2015 contest and became the first country from the Oceania region (and the second country outside Eurasia overall after Morocco in 1980) to participate in the contest. Although their participation was originally announced as a one-off event, the country was subsequently invited to participate in the 2016 contest.

Competition history

{{See also|List of Eurovision Song Contest winners}}{{See also|List of Eurovision Song Contest winning songwriters}}
EditionFinals dateYearBroadcasterVenueCityCountriesWinner
1st24 May1956SSRTeatro Kursaal{{flagicon>SUI}} Lugano7[2]Switzerland}}
2nd3 March1957ARDGroßer Sendesaal{{flagicon>West Germany}} Frankfurt10Netherlands}}
3rd12 March1958NTSAVRO Studio{{flagicon>NED}} HilversumFrance}}
4th11 March1959RTFPalais des Festivals{{flagicon>FRA}} Cannes11Netherlands}}
5th25 March1960BBCRoyal Festival Hall{{flagicon>UK}} London13France}}
6th18 March1961RTFPalais des Festivals{{flagicon>FRA}} Cannes16Luxembourg}}
7th1962CLTVilla Louvigny{{flagicon|LUX}} Luxembourg CityFrance}}
8th23 March1963BBCBBC Television Centre{{flagicon>UK}} LondonDenmark}}
9th21 March1964DRTivoli Concert Hall{{flagicon>DEN}} CopenhagenItaly}}
10th20 March1965RAIRAI Television Centre{{flagicon>ITA}} Naples18Luxembourg}}
11th5 March1966CLTVilla Louvigny{{flagicon>LUX}} Luxembourg CityAustria}}
12th8 April1967ORFHofburg Imperial Palace{{flagicon>AUT}} Vienna17United Kingdom}}
13th6 April1968BBCRoyal Albert Hall{{flagicon>UK}} LondonSpain}}
14th29 March1969TVETeatro Real{{flagicon>ESP}} Madrid16France}}
{{Esc|Netherlands}}
{{Esc|Spain}}
{{Esc|United Kingdom}}
15th21 March1970NOSRAI Congrescentrum{{flagicon>NED}} Amsterdam12Ireland}}
16th3 April1971RTÉGaiety Theatre{{flagicon>IRL}} Dublin18Monaco}}
17th25 March1972BBCUsher Hall{{flagicon>UK}} Edinburgh{{Esc|Luxembourg}}
18th7 April1973CLTNouveau Théâtre Luxembourg{{flagicon>LUX}} Luxembourg City17
19th6 April1974BBCBrighton Dome{{flagicon>UK}} BrightonSweden}}
20th22 March1975SRStockholm International Fairs{{flagicon>SWE}} Stockholm19Netherlands}}
21st3 April1976NOSCongresgebouw{{flagicon>NED}} The Hague18United Kingdom}}
22nd7 May1977BBCWembley Conference Centre{{flagicon>UK}} LondonFrance}}
23rd22 April1978TF1Palais des Congrès{{flagicon>FRA}} Paris20{{Esc|Israel}}
24th31 March1979IBAInternational Convention Centre{{flagicon>ISR}} Jerusalem19
25th19 April1980NOSCongresgebouw{{flagicon>NED}} The HagueIreland}}
26th4 April1981RTÉRoyal Dublin Society{{flagicon>IRL}} Dublin20United Kingdom}}
27th24 April1982BBCHarrogate International Centre{{flagicon>UK}} Harrogate18Germany}}
28th23 April1983ARDRudi Sedlmayer Halle{{flagicon>West Germany}} Munich20Luxembourg}}
29th5 May1984CLTThéâtre Municipal{{flagicon>LUX}} Luxembourg City19Sweden}}
30th4 May1985SVTScandinavium{{flagicon>SWE}} GothenburgNorway}}
31st3 May1986NRKGrieg Hall{{flagicon>NOR}} Bergen20Belgium}}
32nd9 May1987RTBFCentenary Palace{{flagicon>BEL}} Brussels22Ireland}}
33rd30 April1988RTÉRoyal Dublin Society{{flagicon>IRL}} Dublin21Switzerland}}
34th6 May1989SSRPalais de Beaulieu{{flagicon>SUI}} Lausanne22Yugoslavia}}
35th5 May1990JRTVatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall{{flagicon>Yugoslavia}} ZagrebItaly}}
36th4 May1991RAIStudio 15 di Cinecittà{{flagicon>ITA}} RomeSweden}}
37th9 May1992SVTMalmömässan{{flagicon>SWE}} Malmö23{{Esc|Ireland}}
38th15 May1993RTÉGreen Glens Arena{{flagicon>IRL}} Millstreet25
39th30 April1994Point Depot{{flagicon|IRL}} Dublin
40th13 May199523Norway}}
41st18 May1996NRKOslo Spektrum{{flagicon>NOR}} OsloIreland}}
42nd3 May1997RTÉPoint Depot{{flagicon>IRL}} Dublin25United Kingdom}}
43rd9 May1998BBCNational Indoor Arena{{flagicon>UK}} BirminghamIsrael}}
44th29 May1999IBAInternational Convention Centre{{flagicon>ISR}} Jerusalem23Sweden}}
45th13 May2000SVTGloben Arena{{flagicon>SWE}} Stockholm24Denmark}}
46th12 May2001DRParken Stadium{{flagicon>DEN}} Copenhagen23Estonia}}
47th25 May2002ETVSaku Suurhall{{flagicon>EST}} Tallinn24Latvia}}
48th24 May2003LTVSkonto Hall{{flagicon>LVA}} Riga26Turkey}}
49th15 May2004TRTAbdi İpekçi Arena{{flagicon>TUR}} Istanbul36Ukraine}}
50th21 May2005NTUKiev Sports Palace{{flagicon>UKR}} Kiev39Greece}}
51st20 May2006ERTOlympic Indoor Hall{{flagicon>GRE}} Athens37Finland}}
52nd12 May2007YLEHartwall Arena{{flagicon>FIN}} Helsinki42Serbia}}
53rd24 May2008RTSBelgrade Arena{{flagicon>SRB}} Belgrade43Russia}}
54th16 May2009C1ROlimpiyskiy Arena{{flagicon>RUS}} Moscow42Norway}}
55th29 May2010NRKTelenor Arena{{flagicon>NOR}} Oslo39Germany}}
56th14 May2011NDRDüsseldorf Arena{{flagicon>GER}} Düsseldorf43Azerbaijan}}
57th26 May2012İTVBaku Crystal Hall{{flagicon>AZE}} Baku42Sweden}}
58th18 May2013SVTMalmö Arena{{flagicon>SWE}} Malmö39Denmark}}
59th10 May2014DRB&W Halls{{flagicon>DEN}} Copenhagen37Austria}}
60th23 May2015ORFWiener Stadthalle{{flagicon>AUT}} Vienna40Sweden}}
61st14 May2016SVTGloben Arena{{flagicon>SWE}} Stockholm42Ukraine}}
62nd13 May2017UA:PBCInternational Exhibition Centre{{flagicon>Ukraine}} KievPortugal}}
63rd12 May2018RTPAltice Arena{{flagicon>Portugal}} Lisbon43Israel}}
64th18 May2019KANExpo Tel Aviv{{flagicon>Israel}} Tel Aviv41TBD

The songs

The earliest period in the Eurovision history is marked by the style of songs which participated and the manner in which the show itself was presented. Famous musical and film stars would participate without prejudice, with Italian winners of the Sanremo Festival and such British names as Patricia Bredin and Bryan Johnson. With a live orchestra the norm in the early years, and simple sing-a-long songs on every radio station, the Contest grew into a favourite amongst almost all age groups across the continent. Iconic songs such as "Volare" and France Gall's "Poupée de cire, poupée de son" hit the sales charts in many countries after their Eurovision performance.

In the beginning, it was obvious for the participants that they should sing in their country's national language. However, as the Swedish entry in 1965, "Absent Friend" was sung in English, the EBU set very strict rules on the language in which the songs could be performed. National languages had to be used in all lyrics, including Maltese when the island nation made its debut. Songwriters across Europe soon tagged onto the notion that success would only come if the judges could understand the content, resulting in such entries as "Boom-Bang-A-Bang" and "La La La". The lyrics were allowed to contain occasional phrases in other languages, which was utilized for example by the Yugoslavian song in 1969. In 1973, the rules on language use was relaxed, and in the following year ABBA would win with "Waterloo".

Those "freedom of language" rules would be soon reversed in 1977, to return with apparent permanent status in the 1999 contest, with the intervening years waning from highlights to dead-weight years. The "swinging sixties" and punk scenes were all but missed by the contemporary Eurovision periods, whilst the 1980s saw an increase in balladry with an almost blanket disregard for electronica or guitar-based pop. Other than heavily infused pop versions, rap has been next to completely ignored.

One result of the attempt to modernise the songs in the Contest was the abolition of the obligatory use of the live orchestra, to which all songs had to perform. This decision was made in 1997 and removed the automatic requirement for songs to be re-composed for playback with a live orchestra. As of 1999, the host country hasn't been obliged to provide a live orchestra, and there hasn't been one since. No attempt has been made to return the Contest to the days of symphonic arrangements and violins. Live music is not allowed. This rule most likely exists because there isn't enough time to wire the instruments during the short break between the songs. On the other hand, a backing tape may have no voices on it, singing still must be done live. Before 1997 backing tracks were allowed, but only if all instruments on tape were featured on stage. This explains the odd situation in 1996, when Gina G, entrant for the United Kingdom, had two computer screens on stage.

Other than the earliest contests, each and every entry has been fixed at a maximum three minutes in length.

Competitors

{{List missing criteria|date=May 2012}}

Previous performers at the Eurovision Song Contest include:

{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
  • ABBA
  • Anggun
  • Amina Annabi
  • Antique
  • Apocalyptica (as an interlude act)
  • Aqua (as an interlude act)
  • Arash
  • Soraya Arnelas
  • Baccara
  • Al Bano & Romina Power
  • Dima Bilan
  • Blue
  • Goran Bregović (as an interlude act)
  • Boyzone (as an interlude act)
  • Brotherhood of Man
  • Carola
  • Cascada
  • Cirque du Soleil (as an interlude act)
  • Gigliola Cinquetti
  • David Civera
  • Mélanie Cohl
  • Zdravko Čolić
  • Toto Cutugno
  • Mihai Trăistariu
  • Sergio Dalma
  • Dana International
  • Anne-Marie David
  • Céline Dion
  • Kenan Doğulu
  • DJ BoBo
  • Dschinghis Khan
  • Sertab Erener
  • Lara Fabian
  • Gina G
  • Edyta Górniak
  • Karel Gott
  • Hadise
  • Mary Hopkin
  • Engelbert Humperdinck
  • Fuerzabruta (as an interlude act)
  • Hothouse Flowers (as an interlude act)
  • Jamala
  • Julio Iglesias
  • Jedward
  • Željko Joksimović
  • Anna Maria Jopek
  • Udo Jürgens
  • Kalomira
  • Patricia Kaas
  • Paula Seling
  • Ovi
  • Katrina and the Waves
  • Las Ketchup
  • Luminița Anghel
  • Vicky Leandros
  • Johnny Logan
  • Rosa López
  • Ani Lorak
  • Lordi
  • Lulu
  • Shiri Maimon
  • maNga
  • Marco Mengoni
  • Jessica Mauboy
  • Dino Merlin
  • Lena Meyer-Landrut
  • Mocedades
  • Domenico Modugno
  • Azucar Moreno
  • Nana Mouskouri
  • Marie Myriam
  • New Seekers
  • Olivia Newton-John
  • Noa
  • No Angels
  • Paul Oscar
  • Olsen Brothers
  • Anna Oxa
  • Helena Paparizou
  • Ajda Pekkan
  • Charlotte Perrelli
  • Evgeni Plushenko (as part of performance)
  • Dulce Pontes
  • Toše Proeski
  • Alla Pugacheva
  • Esma Redžepova
  • Sir Cliff Richard
  • Riverdance (as an interlude act)
  • Sakis Rouvas
  • Ruslana
  • Kate Ryan
  • Alexander Rybak
  • Natasha St-Pier
  • Sandie Shaw
  • The Shadows
  • Kseniya Simonova (as part of performance)
  • Salvador Sobral
  • Pastora Soler
  • t.A.T.u.
  • Teach-In
  • Sébastien Tellier
  • Justin Timberlake (as a interlude act)
  • Bonnie Tyler
  • Vanilla Ninja
  • Caetano Veloso (as a interlude act)
  • Anna Vissi
  • Dita Von Teese (as part of performance)
  • Conchita Wurst
  • Måns Zelmerlöw
  • Ira Losco
  • Laura Põldvere
  • Elina Nechayeva

}}

See also

  • European music

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.eurovision.tv/page/dusseldorf-2011/history | title=Eurovision – History | publisher=Eurovision | accessdate=8 June 2011}}
2. ^7 countries performed 2 songs each

External links

  • History by Year
  • Eurovision Song Contest: The Story
  • Sing Your Heart Out, Europe: The Eurovision Song Contest
{{Eurovision years}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}{{DEFAULTSORT:History Of The Eurovision Song Contest}}

1 : Eurovision Song Contest
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