| 词条 | HMAS Fremantle (J246) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Design and construction{{main|Bathurst-class corvette}}In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.[2][3] The vessel was initially envisaged as having a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least {{convert|10|kn}}, and a range of {{convert|2000|nmi}}[4] The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled Bar-class boom defence vessel saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a {{convert|15.5|kn}} top speed, and a range of {{convert|2850|nmi}}, armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with asdic, and able to fitted with either depth charges or minesweeping equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a sloop than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels.[2][5] Construction of the prototype {{HMAS|Kangaroo||6}} did not go ahead, but the plans were retained.[6] The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 (including Fremantle) ordered by the RAN, 20 ordered by the British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy.[2][7][8][9][1] Fremantle was laid down by Evans Deakin & Co at Brisbane, Queensland.{{citation needed|date=December 2008}} She was launched on 18 March 1942 by the wife of Prime Minister John Curtin,{{citation needed|date=December 2008}} and commissioned into the RAN on 24 March 1943.[1]Operational historyWorld War IIWhen Fremantle entered active service in April 1943, she was immediately assigned to convoy escort duties along the east coast of Australia.[1] This continued until August 1943, when the corvette was assigned as a convoy escort between Darwin and Thursday Island.[1] She continued this duty until June 1945, when she was ordered to New Guinea waters to act as a guard ship.[1] Fremantle remained in New Guinea waters until the end of World War II.[1] The ship received two battle honours for her wartime service; "Darwin 1943" and "Pacific 1943–45".[10][11] Following the war's end, Fremantle was sent to Hong Kong, where she joined the 21st Minesweeping Flotilla in August 1945 and was involved in mine clearance in Chinese waters.[1] On completion, the corvette returned to Australia, visiting her namesake city for the first time on 18 November 1945, before arriving in Melbourne and paying off into reserve on 25 January 1946.[1] Post-warFremantle was recommissioned on 10 December 1952 as a training ship for National Service trainees.[1] Based in the port of Fremantle, the corvette was also involved in fisheries protection, monitoring of the Japanese pearling fleet, and hydrographic surveys.[1]Decommissioning and fateFremantle paid off to reserve for the second time on 22 June 1959. She was sold for scrapping to Kinoshita (Australia) Pty Ltd on 6 January 1961.[1]Citations1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/hmas-fremantle-i|title=HMAS Fremantle (I) |accessdate=23 December 2008 |work=HMA Ship Histories |publisher=Sea Power Centre – Royal Australian Navy }}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2. ^1 2 Stevens, The Australian Corvettes, p. 1 3. ^Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 103 4. ^Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–4 5. ^Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–5 6. ^Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 104 7. ^Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 105, 148 8. ^Donohue, From Empire Defence to the Long Haul, p. 29 9. ^Stevens et al., The Royal Australian Navy, p. 108 10. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |title=Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613184920/http://www.navy.gov.au/Navy_Marks_109th_Birthday_With_Historic_Changes_To_Battle_Honours |archivedate=13 June 2011 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |accessdate=23 December 2012}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |title=Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours |date=1 March 2010 |publisher=Royal Australian Navy |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614064156/http://www.navy.gov.au/w/images/Units_entitlement_list.pdf |archivedate=14 June 2011 |accessdate=23 December 2012}} References
External links{{Commons category|HMAS Fremantle (ship, 1943)}}{{Bathurst class corvette}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fremantle (J246)}} 5 : Bathurst-class corvettes of the Royal Australian Navy|Ships built in Queensland|1942 ships|World War II corvettes of Australia|Training ships of the Royal Australian Navy |
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