| 词条 | HMQS Paluma | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMQS Paluma was a flat-iron gunboat operated by the Queensland Maritime Defence Force and later the Royal Australian Navy (as HMAS Paluma). She entered service on 28 October 1884, was decommissioned in 1916 and then sold to the Victorian Ports and Harbours Department, who operated her under the name Rip until 1948 when she was retired. She was scrapped in 1950–51. ConstructionFollowing the Jervois-Scratchley reports the colonial governments of Australia restructured their defence forces. One of the many outcomes of this report was the formation of the Queensland Maritime Defence Force. To equip the new force, the colonial government purchased two gunboats and a torpedo boat.{{sfn|Gillett|1977|p=105}} Paluma was the second of the two gunboats purchased by the colony and was a sister ship of HMQS Gayundah, which together formed the Gayundah class. This class was built to a type B1 flat-iron gunboat design from builders Sir W.G. Armstrong, Mitchell & Co at Newcastle-on-Tyne. They were improved, slightly larger versions of HMVS Albert which was also built in 1884 for the colony of Victoria.{{sfn|Royal Australian Navy ||}} The ship displaced 360 tons, and she was {{convert|120|ft|m}} long, had a {{convert|26|ft|m|adj=on}} beam and a draught of {{convert|9.5|ft|m}}.{{sfn|Gillett|1977|p=109}} Paluma was propelled by horizontal direct action compound steam engines, which drove two screws that were capable of producing {{convert|400|ihp|abbr=on|0|lk=in}}, with bunkerage for 75 tons of coal, which gave her a range of {{convert|700|to|800|mi|abbr=on}} at a cruising speed of {{convert|10.5|kn}}.{{sfn|Gillett|1977|p=109}} She also had sails to back up her engines.{{sfn|Royal Australian Navy||}} As designed, her armament included a BL {{convert|8|in|mm|adj=on|sigfig=4}} gun, although this was never fitted. Instead she was fitted with one BL {{convert|6|in|mm|adj=on|sigfig=4}} gun, two 1.5-inch Nordenfelt guns and two machine guns. The 6-inch gun was removed in 1885 and remounted 10 years later, when two 5-inch guns were also added. In 1901, a 4.7-inch gun replaced the 6-inch.{{sfn|Gillett|1977|p=109}} She had a crew of 55.{{sfn|Royal Australian Navy||}} She was lent upon completion to the Royal Navy. Commissioned in the United Kingdom as HMS Paluma during October 1884, she arrived in Brisbane on 7 May 1885.{{sfn|Royal Australian Navy ||}} Construction cost 35,000 pounds sterling.{{sfn|Gillett|1977|p=105}} The ship's name was the Aboriginal word for "thunder".{{sfn|Gillett|1977|p=109}} Operational historyOver the next eight years, Paluma conducted survey work on the Great Barrier Reef for the Admiralty.{{sfn|Royal Australian Navy ||}} The 1893 Brisbane flood ripped Paluma from her moorings and left her well above the high water mark in the nearby botanical gardens. As locals considered how to return her to the Brisbane River, another major flood two weeks later refloated the gunboat, and she was pulled clear without any significant damage. The depression of the 1890s saw Paluma and her sister placed in reserve, being reactivated for annual training at Easter. In 1895, she was returned to the Queensland Government.{{sfn|Royal Australian Navy ||}} With the federation of the Australian colonies, Paluma joined the Commonwealth Naval Forces in 1901, and in 1911 was integrated into the newly formed Royal Australian Navy along with her sister ship. During World War I, Paluma was employed mainly around Sydney Harbour, before being sold in 1916 to the Victorian Ports and Harbours Department who renamed her Rip.{{sfn|Royal Australian Navy ||}}{{sfn|Gillett|1977|p=109}} In Victoria, the ship served in Port Phillip as a tender.{{sfn|Gillett|1977|p=109}} In 1948, she was retired, having been replaced the previous year by the converted Bathurst-class corvette {{HMAS|Whyalla|J153|6}}. Paluma was laid up at Footscray, Victoria, and was scrapped in 1950–51.{{sfn|Royal Australian Navy ||}} See also
CitationsReferences{{Commons category|Paluma (ship, 1889)}}{{refbegin}}
Further reading
3 : Gayundah-class gunboats|1884 ships|Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth |
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