| 词条 | HMS B11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS B11 was the last boat of the Royal Navy's B-class of submarines. Launched in 1906, it is best known for carrying out a successful attack on the Ottoman battleship {{ship|Ottoman ironclad|Mesûdiye||2}} in the Dardanelles, an action for which her captain received the Victoria Cross. It spent the remainder of its active life serving in the Mediterranean, being converted into a surface patrol craft late in the war. Pre-war careerThe submarine was constructed by Vickers in Barrow and was launched on 24 February 1906.{{sfnp|Akermann|1989|pages= 123–125 }} Fitting out was completed 11 July the same year.{{sfnp|Akermann|1989|pages= 123–125 }} Along with {{HMS|B9}} and {{HMS|B10}} the submarine was deployed to Malta in 1912.{{sfnp|Akermann|1989|pages= 123–125 }} World War I servicePatrolling off the DardanellesIn September 1914 the submarine was redeployed to Tenedos join the fleet watching the entrance of the Dardanelles.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page= 17 }} Later in 1914 while on patrol off the Dardanelles B11 chased a torpedo boat for 4 miles up the straight.[1] In April 1915 after {{HMS|E15}} ran aground off Kephez point, HMS B11 was one of a number of boats to attempt to destroy the wreck.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page= 75 }} The attack failed.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page=75}} On 20 May 1915 HMS B11 sighted {{SMU|UB-8}} while on patrol off the Gulf of Smyrna.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page= 54 }} HMS B11 attempted to attack but was spotted and SM UB-8 then dived before escaping.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page= 54 }} Attack on the MesudiyeOn 13 December 1914, B11, commanded by Lieutenant Norman Douglas Holbrook, entered the Dardanelles and torpedoed the Ottoman battleship {{ship|Ottoman ironclad|Mesûdiye||2}}. B11 had been selected for the mission over {{HMS|B9}} and {{HMS|B10}} due to having been fitted with a new battery.[1] The French boats at the submarine base had been rejected as it was agreed that they were less suitable than the British submarines.{{sfnp|Gray|1971|page= 98 }} Guards were constructed over the various projections on the submarine's hull to reduce the risk of snagging on mines.{{sfnp|Gray|1971|page= 96 }} B11 started its journey from Tenedos.[10] Before the submarine reached the first row of mines it was discovered that one of the guards had become damaged making it worse than useless.{{sfnp|Gray|1971|page= 98 }} The guard was removed and the attack continued.{{sfnp|Gray|1971|page= 98 }} B11 then had to pass under five rows of mines through then uncharted currents.[10] Passing through the minefield took about five hours.[10] After B11 hit Mesûdiye it took eight hours for the submarine to escape initially with any attempt to use the periscope resulting in heavy fire.[2]Lt. Holbrook was awarded the Victoria Cross, the first for service in a submarine, his First Lieutenant, Sydney Winn, was awarded the Distinguished Service Order, and every member of the crew was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal.[1] On 24 July 1916 the Prize court decided that the submarine's company was entitled to prize money for the sinking of Mesûdiye, and an award of £3,500 was made, of which Holbrook received £601 10s 2d, Win £481 4s 2d, chief petty officers £240 12s 1d, and seamen £120 6s 1d. This represented three years' pay for a seaman.[1] On 24 August 1915 the town of Germanton in New South Wales, Australia, was renamed "Holbrook" in his honour and a replica of B11 can be seen there. Move to VeniceThe submarine was relocated from Malta to Venice in October 1915 arriving on the 28th.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page= 96 }} On 11 December of the same year the submarine under the command of Lieutenant Samuel Gravener was engaged by an Austrian flying boat.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page= 98 }} The attack was unsuccessful and the plane suffered engine failure forcing it to land.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page= 98 }} Gravener attempted attack the plane with a Maxim gun but it jammed and the plane was able to take off again before the submarine could ram it.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page= 98 }} On 17 January 1916 the submarine managed to capture the crew of an Austrian flying boat after the aircraft had suffered engine failure while returning from a bombing raid.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page= 98 }} On 17 March it was narrowly missed by a torpedo but was unable to locate the attacker.{{sfnp|Wilson|Kemp|1997|page= 100 }} Later in the war B11 was converted to a surface patrol craft through raising the deck level and removing the electric motor.[1] In addition the conning tower was replaced by a wheelhouse.[3] B11 was sold for scrap in 1919 in Italy.{{sfnp|Akermann|1989|pages= 123–125 }} Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{harvp|Compton-Hall|2004|pages= 155–162 }} 2. ^1 2 3 {{harvp|Jameson|1965|pages= 139–141 }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{harvp|Cocker|2008|page= 24 }} References
|ref={{harvid|Akermann|1989}} }}
|title= Royal navy submarines 1901 to the present day |last=Cocker |first=Maurice |year=2008 |publisher=Pen & Sword Books |ref=harv |isbn=978-1-84415-733-4 }}
|title= Submarines at War 1914-18 |last=Compton-Hall |first= Richard |year= 2004 |publisher= Periscope Publishing |isbn=1-904381-21-9 |ref=harv }}
|editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert |editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921 |year=1984|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-85177-245-5|lastauthoramp=y }}
|title= British Submarines in the Great War |last=Gray |first=Edwyn |authorlink= Edwyn Gray |year=1971 |publisher=Charles Schribner sons |isbn=0-85052-776-7 |ref=harv }}
|url = http://www.rnsubs.co.uk/Boats/BR3043/chapter07.php |title = The Development of HM Submarines From Holland No. 1 (1901) to Porpoise (1930) (BR3043) |last = Harrison |first = A. N. |date = January 1979 |publisher = Submariners Association: Barrow in Furness Branch |accessdate = 19 August 2015 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150519040644/http://www.rnsubs.co.uk/Boats/BR3043/chapter07.php |archivedate = 19 May 2015 |df = }}
|title=The Most Formidable Thing The Story of the Submarine for its earliest days to the end of World War I |last=Jameson |first=William |year=1965 |publisher= Rupert Hart-Davis |isbn= |ref=harv }}
|title=Mediterranean submarines |last=Wilson |first=Michael |last2=Kemp |first2=Paul |year=1997 |publisher=Crécy Publishing |isbn=0-947554-57-2 |ref=harv }} External links
5 : British B-class submarines|World War I submarines of the United Kingdom|Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness|Royal Navy ship names|1906 ships |
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