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词条 HMS Black Prince (81)
释义

  1. Design and construction

  2. Operational history

     Royal Navy  Royal New Zealand Navy 

  3. Fate

  4. Notes

  5. References

{{other ships|HMS Black Prince}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}{{More footnotes|date=June 2008}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=HMS Black Prince 1944 IWM FL 2239.jpgShip caption=Black Prince under tow on the River Tyne, July 1944
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=United KingdomUK|naval}}Ship name=HMS Black PrinceShip namesake=Edward, the Black PrinceShip ordered=Ship awarded=Ship builder=Harland & Wolff (Belfast, Northern Ireland)Ship yard number=1049[1]Ship laid down=1 December 1939Ship launched=27 August 1942Ship completed=20 November 1943[1]Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=30 November 1943Ship decommissioned=March 1962Ship out of service=Loaned to the Royal New Zealand Navy, 25 May 1946Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship fate=Sold for scrap in March 1962, arrived at Mitsui & Company, Osaka breakage yards, Japan, on 2 May 1962 for breaking upShip motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship notes=Pennant number 81
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=titleShip country=New ZealandNew Zealand|naval-1941}}Ship name=HMNZS Black PrinceShip acquired=Ship commissioned=25 May 1946Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Returned to Royal Navy control on 1 April 1961Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Dido|cruiser|0}} light cruiserShip displacement=*5,950 tons standard
  • 7,200 tons full load
485|ft|m|abbr=on}} pp
  • {{convert|512|ft|m|abbr=on}} oa
50.5|ft|m|abbr=on}}14|ft|m|abbr=on}}Ship propulsion=*Parsons geared turbines
  • Four shafts
  • Four Admiralty 3-drum boilers
  • 62,000 shp (46 MW)
32.25|kn|0}}2,414|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|30|kn}}
  • {{convert|6,824|km|nmi mi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|16|kn}}
  • 1,100 tons fuel oil
Ship endurance=Ship complement=530Ship sensors=Ship EW=Ship armament=
  • Original configuration:
  • 8 × QF {{convert|5.25|inch|mm|adj=on}} dual guns,
  • 6 × 20 mm dual AA guns,
  • 3 × 2-pounder (40-mm) pom-poms quad guns,
  • 2 × {{convert|21|inch|mm|adj=on}} triple torpedo tubes
  • Early 1945 - Mid 1946 configuration:
  • 8 × 5.25 in (133 mm) (4 × 2)
  • 12 × 2 pdr (1.5 in) pom-poms (3 × 4)
  • 24 × 20 mm AA (8 × 2, 8 × 1)
  • 6 × 21 in (533 mm) Torpedo Tubes (2 × 3)
  • 1953 NZ Navy:
  • 8 x 5.25
  • 8 x 40 mm (8 x 1) Mk 3P Bofors Toadstool(NZ) CIWS
Ship armor=
  • Original configuration:
  • Belt: {{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}}
  • Deck: {{convert|1|in|mm|abbr=on}}
  • Magazines: {{convert|2|in|mm|abbr=on}}
  • Bulkheads: {{convert|1|in|mm|abbr=on}}

}}

HMS Black Prince was a {{sclass-|Dido|cruiser|0}} light cruiser of the Royal Navy, of the Bellona subgroup. The cruiser was commissioned in 1943, and served during World War II on the Arctic convoys, during the Normandy landings, and as part of the British Pacific Fleet. In 1946, the cruiser was loaned to the Royal New Zealand Navy, becoming HMNZS Black Prince. The cruiser was docked for modernisation in 1947, but in April, her sailors walked off the ship as part of a series of mutinies in the RNZN. The shortage of manpower resulting from these mutinies meant that the modernisation had to be cancelled, and Black Prince was placed in reserve until 1953. She returned to service after refitting with simplified secondary armament with a single quad pom pom in Q position and 8 x 1 Mk3 40mm electric Bofors guns. The ship was decommissioned again two years later, and returned to the Royal Navy in 1961. Black Prince did not re-enter service, and was towed from Auckland to the Osaka breakage yards for scrapping in 1962.

Design and construction

"Black Prince" was a modified Dido design, sometimes called Dido Group 2, or the Bellona subgroup with only four 5.25-inch mounts instead of five, and improved anti-aircraft armament. She was built by Harland & Wolff of Belfast, Northern Ireland, with her keel being laid down on 1 December 1939.[2][3] She was launched on 27 August 1942,[2][3] and commissioned on 30 November 1943.[3]

Black Prince was named after Prince Edward (1330-1376), the eldest son of King Edward III.

Operational history

Royal Navy

After commissioning, Black Prince served on Arctic convoys and then came south in preparation for the invasion of Europe, being employed on offensive sweeps against German coastal convoy traffic. On the night of 25 and 26 April 1944, accompanied by Canadian destroyers, she was involved in the action which sank the torpedo boat {{ship|German torpedo boat|T29||2}} and damaged {{ship|German torpedo boat|T24||2}} and {{ship|German torpedo boat|T27||2}} off the north Brittany coast.

During the Normandy landings, she was part of Force "A" of Task Force 125 in support of Utah Beach. Task Force 125 at this time consisted of the battleship {{USS|Nevada|BB-36|6}}, the cruisers {{USS|Quincy|CA-71|6}}, {{USS|Tuscaloosa|CA-37|6}}, Black Prince, the monitor {{HMS|Erebus|I02|6}} and several destroyers and destroyer escorts.[4]Black Prince{{'}}s target was the battery at Morsalines.[5][6] In August, she moved to the Mediterranean for the invasion of Southern France.[7] She was then sent to Aegean waters in September 1944. On 8 September, Black Prince arrived in Alexandria, Egypt, where she was ordered to sweep the area around Scarpanto and the Gulf of Salonica. On one occasion she bombarded the airfield at Maleme on the island of Crete to prevent German aircraft from taking off.

On 21 November 1944, Black Prince left Alexandria, passed through the Suez Canal into the Red Sea and then on into the Indian Ocean. She arrived at Colombo in Ceylon on 30 November to join the East Indies Fleet where she covered the aircraft carrier raids against Japanese oil installations and airfields in Sumatra and Malaya (Operation Meridian).

On 16 January 1945, she sailed as part of the British Pacific Fleet, seeing action off Okinawa and in the final bombardments of the Japanese mainland before withdrawing to repossess Hong Kong in September.

Royal New Zealand Navy

After the Japanese surrender, she remained in the Far East, and was transferred to the Royal New Zealand Navy on 25 May 1946. During 1947, the cruiser was docked for modernisation, but this was cancelled following a series of mutinies in April (which included the sailors from Black Prince), as the RNZN no longer had the manpower to operate her.[8] Black Prince was placed in reserve. Work on reactivating the ship began in January 1952, to reduce crew the two multiple Pom Pom AA mounts were temporarily removed and 8 of the unique RNZN 40 mm single electric Toadstool CIWS, installed, in place of Mk 5 twin Oerilikons and she was recommissioned in February 1953.[9] In the same year she took part in the Fleet Review to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.[10]

The cruiser was decommissioned again in August 1955, and after the decision in the UK 1957 Defence Review to strike the remaining Royal Navy Dido and Improved Didos as too outdated to be used again or modernized, Black Prince was reduced to extended 3rd class reserve,[11] and used as an accommodation ship [12] for refitting warships and spare part source for {{HMS|Royalist|89|2}}{{'}}s 1960-1 refit, before reverting to Royal Navy control, for disposal, in line with its loan terms.

Fate

She was sold for scrap in March 1962 and towed from Auckland on 5 April to the Mitsui & Company, Osaka breakage yards, Japan, by the tug {{ship|Japanese tug|Benten Maru||2}}, arriving there on 2 May 1962.[3]

Notes

1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=McCluskie|first1=Tom|title=The Rise and Fall of Harland and Wolff|date=2013|publisher=The History Press|location=Stroud|isbn=9780752488615|page=147}}
2. ^1 Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II, London: The Random House Group Ltd. {{ISBN|1-85170-494-9}}
3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4022.html|title=HMS Black Prince (81)|work=uboat.net}}
4. ^{{nl icon}} Go2War2.nl - Overlord, Assault Force U (Utah)
5. ^Buffetaut Y. (1994). D-Day Ships, London: Conway Maritime Press. {{ISBN|0-85177-639-6}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jeroenkoppes.com/ww2/ships/hms_blackprince.asp|title=HMS Black Prince|work=jeroenkoppes.com}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-06CL-BlackPrince.htm|title=HMS Black Prince, British AA cruiser, WW2|work=naval-history.net}}
8. ^{{cite book |last=Frame |first=Tom |author2=Baker, Kevin |title=Mutiny! Naval Insurrections in Australia and New Zealand |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=St. Leonards, NSW |year=2000 |isbn=1-86508-351-8 |oclc=46882022 |pages=185–206}}
9. ^{{cite book |last=Gillett |first=Ross |title=Australian and New Zealand Warships since 1946 |year=1988 |publisher=Child & Associates |location=Brookvale, NSW |isbn=0-86777-219-0 |oclc=23470364 |page=137}}
10. ^Souvenir Programme, Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15th June 1953, HMSO, Gale and Polden
11. ^NZ Navy Board Report 1958. 31 March 1959
12. ^NZ Navy Board Report 1958

References

{{commonscatinline}}
  • {{Colledge}}
  • WWII cruisers
  • HMS Black Prince at Uboat.net
{{Dido class cruiser|Bellona class cruiser}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Black Prince (81)}}

7 : Dido-class cruisers|Ships built in Belfast|1942 ships|World War II cruisers of the United Kingdom|Dido-class cruisers of the Royal New Zealand Navy|Ships built by Harland and Wolff|Edward the Black Prince
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