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词条 HMS Defiance (1861)
释义

  1. Design

  2. Career

  3. Notes

  4. References

  5. External links

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Ship image=Ship caption=
}}{{Infobox ship class overview		Name=DefianceBuilders=UK}}Class before=Renown classClass after=Bulwark classSubclasses=Cost=Built range=In service range=In commission range=Total ships building=Total ships planned=Total ships completed=1Total ships cancelled=Total ships active=Total ships laid up=Total ships lost=Total ships retired=Total ships preserved=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=Ship flag=Ship name= HMS DefianceShip namesake=Ship ordered=17 June 1855Ship builder= Pembroke DockShip original cost= £119,442Ship laid down= 20 September 1858Ship launched= 27 March 1861Ship completed= 1862Ship commissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship fate= Sold, 26 June 1931Ship status=Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=(Lambert[1])Ship class=Ship type=Steam two-decker ship of the lineShip tonnage=3475 tons BOM5700|LT|t|0|abbr=on}}246|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}} o/a
  • {{convert|220|ft|m|abbr=on}} keel-line
55|ft|4|in|m|abbr=on}}24|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} forward, {{convert|24|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} aft3550|ihp|0|abbr=on}}67|ft|m|abbr=on}} × 40 in
  • Fore mast : {{convert|61|ft|m|abbr=on}} × 37 in
  • Mizzen mast : 51 ft 6 in × 27 in
11.884|knot|mph km/h|lk=in}} under power (not masted or stored)Ship range=Ship complement=860Ship armament=*Gun Deck: 34 × 8 inch (204 mm) 65 cwt shell guns
  • Main deck: 36 × 32-pounder/56 cwt
  • Upper Deck: 20 × 32-pounder/45 cwt, 1 × 68-pounder 95 cwt gun
Ship armour=Ship notes=
}}

HMS Defiance was the last wooden line-of-battle ship launched for the Royal Navy. She never saw service as a wooden line-of-battle ship. In 1884 she became a schoolship.

Design

Defiance was a development of the Renown class. The second pair of Renown's, {{HMS|Atlas|1860|6}} and {{HMS|Anson|1860|6}}, had a modified, finer stern run. Defiance was originally laid down as to the same plan as Atlas, but a new plan dated 8 October 1858 was prepared giving Defiance a lengthened bow.[2]Defiance was the last ship to use the midsection design that Isaac Watts created for HMS James Watt.[3]

Career

Her trials off Plymouth on 5 February 1862 were conducted when she was neither masted nor stored. The trial speed of {{convert|11.886|kn|km/h}} was worse than the similar trials of Atlas {{convert|13.022|kn|km/h}} and Anson {{convert|12.984|kn|km/h}}. However Defiance's lack of sea service means that there can be no certainty as to whether her design was an improvement on Atlas.[4]

On 26 November 1884 Defiance became the Devonport torpedo and mining schoolship.[5] Commander Frederick Hamilton was appointed in command on 1 November 1897,[6] and re-appointed in early January 1898 after promotion to Captain.[7] Captain James de Courcy Hamilton was appointed in command on 1 November 1900.

A special railway station to serve personnel travelling to and from the school, known as "Defiance Platform", was situated just west of Saltash railway station from 1905 until 1930.

She was sold on 26 June 1931 to Castle's Shipbreaking Yard for dismantling at Millbay, Plymouth.[8] Doige's Annual for 1932 poignantly describes her as "the last of England's 'Wooden Walls'".

Notes

1. ^Lambert, Battleships in Transition, pp.122-6.
2. ^Lambert, Battleships in Transition, pp.125-6.
3. ^Lambert, Battleships in Transition, p.126.
4. ^Lambert, Battleships in Transition, pp.125-6.
5. ^Lambert, Battleships in Transition, p.126. Online history HMS Defiance
6. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Tuesday |date=19 October 1897 |page_number=8 |issue=35338 }}
7. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Saturday |date=8 January 1898|page_number=10 |issue=35408 }}
8. ^Lambert, Battleships in Transition, p.126. Online history HMS Defiance
Some of the timbers, including 6 oak pillars, the captain's fire surround, two cross members and some decking was used in the renovation of Furzehatt House in Plymstock that was owned and occupied by the Castle family (this account was relayed to me by Major Bunny Castle (retired) who came over from NZ on holiday to see his childhood home.

References

  • Lambert, Andrew Battleships in Transition, the Creation of the Steam Battlefleet 1815-1860, Conway Maritime Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-85177-315-X}}
  • Online history HMS Defiance

External links

  • The Devonport Torpedo School
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090226130926/http://plymouthdata.info/Royal%20Naval%20Torpedo%20School.htm Encyclopaedia of Plymouth History: HMS Defiance]
  • Photo of HMS Defiance
{{DEFAULTSORT:Defiance (1861)}}

5 : Battleships of the Royal Navy|Ships of the line of the Royal Navy|Ships built in Pembroke Dock|1861 ships|Victorian-era battleships of the United Kingdom
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