| 词条 | HMS Grenville (R97) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Grenville was the second ship of this name to serve with the Royal Navy in the Second World War. HMS Grenville and seven other U-class destroyers were ordered as part of the Emergency Programme. She was launched at Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd., Wallsend-on-Tyne on 12 October 1942 and commissioned on 27 May 1943. The Royal Navy's practice had been to name all destroyers of a class with names starting with the class letter, in this "U". However, the Royal Navy had reverted to an earlier practice of naming the flotilla leader after a prominent historical seaman, in this case after Vice Admiral Sir Richard Grenville, an Elizabethan soldier and sailor. Service historySecond World War serviceIn late August 1943, Grenville and the Canadian destroyer {{HMCS|Athabaskan|G07|2}} formed the force covering anti-submarine sweeps by the Canadian 5th Support group, off north-west Spain. These ships were attacked by eighteen Dornier Do 217s using Henschel Hs293 A-1 glider bombs. Athabaskan was heavily damaged and the sloop {{HMS|Egret|L75|2}} was sunk with the loss of 194 of her crew. After this, the U-boat hunt was abandoned.[1] Later on, in September and October, Grenville was involved in a series of blockade runner sweeps along the French coast (Operation Tunnel). On 4 October, she joined in an action with enemy destroyers in which she was hit and suffered a small number of casualties. Later in October, during another of these sweeps, Grenville was with the cruiser {{HMS|Charybdis|88|2}} and other destroyers in another, more disastrous, Operation Tunnel action against a blockade runner off the north coast of Brittany. In this operation, the cruiser Charybdis and destroyer {{HMS|Limbourne||2}} were sunk by German {{sclass2-|Elbing|torpedo boat}}s. In November, Grenville joined the 24th Destroyer Flotilla and the Mediterranean Fleet. In the Mediterranean, she supported the Anzio landings, sunk an E-boat and destroyed a train near San Giorgio on the Adriatic Sea. On 3 December, she was ordered to refuel, arriving immediately after the air raid on Bari, a mustard gas disaster.[2] In May 1944, Grenville returned to Britain and in June took part in the landings in Normandy. At the end of 1944, after a refit on the Humber, she left for the Indian Ocean where she joined operations against the Japanese. In January 1945, Grenville and three other U-class destroyers forming the 26th Destroyer Flotilla, escorted the British carrier force (Task Force 63) that became the British Pacific Fleet. After raids against Japanese installations on Sumatra, TF63 left for Okinawa, via Sydney, where there were air strikes on Japanese airfields in support of Operation Iceberg. Later, Grenville participated in the final raids on the Japanese home islands. Near the end of the Pacific war, several Allied warships began to relay Australian programmes to surrounding areas on shortwave. Grenville was one of these heard relaying the commercial programmes from 2KY Sydney in January 1946. Post-warGrenville served as part of the 25th Destroyer Flotilla in the Pacific and in 1946 and returned to Portsmouth where she was placed in reserve. In 1951 she served as part of the Plymouth Local Flotilla and was used as an air training target vessel in October 1951. She collided with the Italian ship Alceo, off Start Point, Devon. Three crewmen on the Grenville died and another four were listed as missing. After repairs she was re-commissioned at Devonport on 5 August 1952.[3]In 1953 - 54, she was extensively converted and re-armed into a Type 15 frigate. On 19 March 1954 she re-commissioned as leader of the 2nd Training Squadron, based at Portland.[4] In 1957 she was fitted with an experimental helicopter landing pad for use during trials with the Fairey Ultra-light Helicopter. In December 1958 she replaced {{HMS|Torquay|F43|2}} in the 5th Frigate Squadron. Between 1960 and 1964 she was held in reserve at Gibraltar. In June 1966 she arrived back in Portsmouth under tow and was subsequently fitted with a third mast carrying experimental air-search radar, prior to its operational use in {{sclass-|Invincible|aircraft carrier}}s. She attended Portsmouth Navy Days in 1967.[5] In 1969 she replaced {{HMS|Wakeful|1943|2}} in the 2nd Frigate Squadron. In 1970 she was again present at Portsmouth Navy Days; at the time she was a trials ship for the Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment (ASWE).[6] Grenville was paid off in 1974 and laid up in Portsmouth before being scrapped in 1983. Commanding officers
References1. ^{{cite book|ISBN=0718300947|title=Destroyer Captain|year=1975|author=Roger Hill|pages=116–121}} 2. ^{{cite book|ISBN=0718300947|title=Destroyer Captain|year=1975|author=Roger Hill|pages=176–177}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Critchley |first=Mike |title=British Warships Since 1945: Part 3: Destroyers |publisher=Maritime Books |place=Liskeard, UK |date=1982 |isbn=0-9506323-9-2 |pages=64}} 4. ^Royal Navy Senior Appointments, Colin Mackie 5. ^Programme, Navy Days Portsmouth, 26th-28th August 1967, HMSO, p19. 6. ^Programme, Navy Days Portsmouth, 29th-31st August 1970, p19. 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4219.html |title=HMS Grenville (ii) (R97) |publisher=uboat.net |accessdate=1 May 2015}} Publications
External links
| last = | first = | authorlink = | title = uboat.net | work = | publisher = | url = http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4219.html | doi = | accessdate =24 December 2006 }}
| last = Lewis | first = Gareth | authorlink = | title = WW2 People's War - HMS Grenville 1943 to 1945 | work = | publisher = BBC | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar/stories/17/a2805617.shtml | doi = | accessdate =24 December 2006 }}
10 : U and V-class destroyers of the Royal Navy|Ships built by Swan Hunter|Ships built on the River Tyne|1942 ships|World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom|Radio ships|Cold War destroyers of the United Kingdom|Type 15 frigates|Cold War frigates of the United Kingdom|Maritime incidents in 1951 |
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