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词条 HMS Holland 1
释义

  1. History

  2. Loss

  3. Recovery

  4. See also

  5. Notes and references

  6. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=Ship caption=Holland 1 under way
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=United KingdomUnited Kingdom|naval}}Ship name= Holland 1Ship namesake=Ship ordered=1900Ship builder=*Vickers Maxim shipyard
  • in Barrow-in-Furness
Ship laid down=1900Ship launched=1901 Yacht Shed No 1Ship acquired=Ship commissioned= 1901Ship decommissioned= 5 November 1913Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship fate= Lost while under tow, subsequently raised and on display at Royal Navy Submarine Museum, GosportShip status=Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship type=Submarine105 |LT|t|0|abbr=on}} submerged63|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}}[1]11|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}[1]Ship height=Ship draught=Ship depth=160|hp|0|abbr=on}}
  • Electric motor, {{convert|70|hp|0|abbr=on}}
7|kn|mph km/h}} submerged20|nmi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|7|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}} submergedShip endurance=100|ft|m|abbr=on}}Ship complement=8 (Lieutenant, Sub-Lieutenant, Coxswain, Torpedo Instructor, Chief Engineering Artificer, Leading Stoker, Stoker, Leading Seaman and Able Seaman)Ship armament=*1 × 18-inch (450-mm) torpedo tube
  • up to 3 torpedoes
Ship armour=Ship notes=
}}

Holland 1 (or HM submarine Torpedo Boat No 1) was the first submarine commissioned by the Royal Navy, the first in a six-boat batch of the {{sclass2-|Holland|submarine|2}}. She was lost in 1913 while under tow to the scrapyard following decommissioning. Recovered in 1982, she was put on display at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum, Gosport.

History

In 1901 she was ordered from John Philip Holland and built at Barrow-in-Furness. The keel was laid down 4 February 1901.[1] In order to keep the boat’s construction secret, she was assembled in a building labelled "Yacht Shed", and the parts that had to be fabricated in the general yard were marked for "pontoon no 1".[2] She was launched on 2 October 1901 and dived for the first time (in an enclosed basin) on 20 March 1902.[3] Sea trials began in April 1902.[4]

In September 1902 she arrived at Portsmouth with the other completed Holland boat and along with {{HMS|Hazard|1894|6}} (their tender) made up the "First Submarine Flotilla", commanded by Captain Reginald Bacon.

On 3 March 1903 Holland 1 suffered an explosion that caused four injuries.[5]

On 24 October 1904, with the rest of the Holland fleet and three A-class boats, Holland 1 sailed from Portsmouth to attack a Russian fleet that had mistakenly sunk a number of British fishing vessels in the North Sea in the Dogger Bank incident. The boats were recalled before any attack could take place.[6]

The submarine was decommissioned and sold in 1913 to Thos W Ward for £410.[6] By the time the submarine was sold she was considered so obsolete that she was sold with all fittings intact, and the only requirement put on the purchaser was that the torpedo tube be put out of action.[6]

Loss

While being towed to the scrapyard Holland 1 encountered very severe weather and sank about a mile and a half off Eddystone lighthouse.[6] No one was on board the submarine at the time, and, since the submarine had been seen to be sinking earlier in the journey, the crew of the tug were ready to release the tow rope, preventing any damage to the tug.[6]

Recovery

The wreck was located in 1981 by Plymouth historian Michael Pearn and in November 1982 she was raised.[7] From 1983, after coating in anti-corrosion chemicals, she was displayed at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum. Work on restoring the submarine continued until September 1988.[8] A talking figure was included to explain the details of the craft to visitors.[8] However, by 1993 it was apparent that the treatment had proved inadequate. A fibreglass tank was built around her, and she was immersed in sodium carbonate solution from 1995. After four years the corrosive chloride ions had been removed, and she was able to be displayed again after restoration work.[9]

Listed as part of the National Historic Fleet, in 2001, on her centenary, a new purpose-built climate-controlled building was opened by Countess Mountbatten. In the same year the Royal Mail put a photo of the submarine on a 65 pence stamp.[10] In 2011 the submarine was given an Engineering Heritage Award by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers [11]

The original bank of batteries, recovered with the wreckage, were provided for testing to the original manufacturer, Chloride Industrial Batteries Ltd based in Swinton, Greater Manchester. Following the initial clean, the lead batteries were recharged and found to be in good working order. Some of the original batteries still remain in the possession of Enersys (ex-CIBL) at the Newport plant, in South Wales.

See also

  • Royal Navy Submarine Service

Notes and references

1. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Submarines War Beneath the Waves From 1776 to the present day |last=Hutchinson |first=Robert |year=2001 |publisher=HarperCollinsPublishers |isbn=0-00-765333-6 |pages=25–27}}
2. ^{{cite book |title= Submarine boats The beginnings of underwater warfare |last=Compton-Hall |first=Richard |year=1983 |publisher=Conway maritime press |location=London |isbn=0-85177-288-9 |page=117}}
3. ^{{cite book |title= Submarine boats The beginnings of underwater warfare |last=Compton-Hall |first=Richard |year=1983 |publisher=Conway maritime press |location=London |isbn=0-85177-288-9 |page=120}}
4. ^{{cite book |title= Submarine boats The beginnings of underwater warfare |last=Compton-Hall |first=Richard |year=1983 |publisher=Conway maritime press |location=London |isbn=0-85177-288-9 |page=115}}
5. ^{{cite book |title= Submarine boats The beginnings of underwater warfare |last=Compton-Hall |first=Richard |year=1983 |publisher=Conway maritime press |location=London |isbn=0-85177-288-9 |page=140}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |title= Submarine boats The beginnings of underwater warfare |last=Compton-Hall |first=Richard |year=1983 |publisher=Conway maritime press |location=London |isbn=0-85177-288-9 |page=11}}
7. ^{{cite book |title=Lost Subs From the Hunley to the Kursk, the greatest submarines ever lost – and found |last=Dunmore |first=Spencer| year=2002 |publisher=Madison press books |isbn=1-903985-48-X |page=44 }}
8. ^1 {{cite book |last=Tait |first=Simon |date=1989 |title=Palaces of Discovery The Changing World of Britain's Museums |publisher=Quiller Press |pages=130–132 |isbn=1870948009}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Holland I Conservation|url=http://www.submarine-museum.co.uk/what-we-have/our-submarines/holland-1/holland-i-conservation|work=Holland 1|publisher=The Royal Navy Submarine Museum|accessdate=16 May 2014}}
10. ^{{cite news |first=Zoe |last=Chamberlain |title= Sailors give a stamp of approval |work=Mail (Birmingham) |page=14 |date=6 April 2001}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-13277022 |title=Holland One submarine given engineering award |date=4 May 2011 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |accessdate=4 May 2011}}

External links

{{Commons category|HMS Holland 1 (submarine, 1901)|HMS Holland 1}}
  • Own page on RNSM website
  • MaritimeQuest HMS Holland 1 Pages
  • Early Holland Submarines Photos of John Holland's Submarine No. 1 and the Fenian Ram at the Paterson Museum
{{Holland class submarine}}{{National Historic Ships}}{{Surviving ocean going ships}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Holland 1}}

6 : 1901 ships|Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness|Holland-class submarines|Museum ships in the United Kingdom|Ships preserved in museums|Ships and vessels of the National Historic Fleet
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