| 词条 | HMS Lively (1900) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Lively was a {{sclass2-|B|destroyer|0||1913}} torpedo boat destroyer of the British Royal Navy. She was built speculatively by Laird, Son & Company, Birkenhead, pre-empting further orders for vessels of this type, and was bought by the navy in 1901. ConstructionOn 30 March 1899, the British Admiralty placed an order for two torpedo boat destroyers, Lively and {{HMS|Sprightly|1900|2}}, with the Birkenhead shipyard of Laird, Son & Co,[1] as part of a total of twelve destroyers ordered under the 1899–1900 shipbuilding programme.[2]{{#tag:ref|Some sources (e.g. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships[3]) suggest that Lively had already been ordered on speculation by the builders, but this is not mentioned in the contract documentation.[2]|group=lower-alpha}} These two ships were four-funneled and were similar to those ordered from Laird's under the 1894–1895 programme (the {{sclass-|Quail|destroyer|4}}), the 1895–1896 programme (the {{sclass-|Earnest|destroyer|4}}) and the 1897–1898 programme ({{HMS|Orwell|1901|2}}).[4][5] Lively was {{convert|219|ft|0|in|m}} long overall and {{convert|215|ft|0|in|m}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|21|ft|9|in|m}} and a draught of {{convert|8|ft|7|in|m}}. Displacement was {{convert|385|LT|t}} light and {{convert|435|LT|t}} full load.[1] Lively was propelled by two triple expansion steam engines, fed by four Normand boilers, rated at {{convert|6250|ihp|kW|abbr=on|lk=in}} to give the contract speed of 30 knots.[6][7] Armament was the standard for the 30-knotters, i.e. a QF 12 pounder 12 cwt ({{convert|3|in|mm|abbr=on}} calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), with a secondary armament of five 6-pounder guns, and two 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.[8][9]Lively was laid down as yard number 639 on 20 June 1899, launched on 14 July 1900 and completed in April 1902.[1]Operational historyHMS Lively was commissioned at Devonport by Lieutenant James Rose Price Hawksley on 13 May 1902,[10] with the crew of {{HMS|Ostrich|1900|6}}, taking that ship's place in the Instructional flotilla.[11] She took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII,[12] and afterwards served as escort to the royal yacht {{ship|HMY|Victoria and Albert|1899|2}} during the King's August 1902 cruise along the British Isles.[13] She was back in the instructional flotilla the following month.[14] Lieutenant Ernest Edward Parker was appointed in command on 19 October 1902.[15] On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyers were to be grouped into classes designated by letters based on contract speed and appearance. As a four-funneled 30-knotter destroyer, Lively was assigned to the {{sclass2-|B|destroyer|4||1913}}.[16][17] In February 1913, Lively was part of the 7th Destoyer Flotilla, a patrol flotilla based at Devonport.[18][19] Lively remained part of the 7th Flotilla on the eve of the First World War in July 1914.[20] At the outbreak of war, the 7th Flotilla was redeployed to the Humber River for operations off the East coast of Britain.[21][22] Duties of the Flotilla were to prevent enemy ships from carrying out minelaying or torpedo attacks in the approaches to ports on the East coast, and to prevent raids by enemy ships.[23] On 3 November 1914, Lively was taking part in a routine patrol off the Norfolk coast near the port of Yarmouth, as was the destroyer {{HMS|Leopard|1897|2}}, while the torpedo gunboat {{HMS|Halcyon|1894|2}} was nearby searching for mines. At about 07:00 hr Halcyon spotted several large warships emerging from the early morning mist, which opened fire on Halcyon when she challenged them. The hostile ships were a force of German battlecruisers and cruisers carrying out a raid on Yarmouth. Lively rushed up and laid a smokescreen to protect Halcyon, which despite being the target of heavy fire from the battlecruiser {{SMS|Seydlitz||2}} received only light damage, while Lively and Leopard were unharmed. The Germans retired after firing a few shells in the direction of Yarmouth, and while the two destroyers attempted to pursue the German force, they could not keep pace.[24][25][26] On 8 November 1914, Lively was one of 12 destroyers that were transferred from the 7th Flotilla to reinforce the local defences of the Grand Fleet's base at Scapa Flow in the Orkneys.[27] She remained at Scapa Flow until March 1918,[28] and was one of the last three destroyers assigned to local defence of Scapa Flow,[29] but by April had transferred to the Irish Sea Flotilla,[30] which by July had acquired the more aggressive name of Irish Sea Hunting Flotilla.[31] On 10 October 1918, {{Ship|RMS|Leinster||}}, a steamer operating as a mailship and ferry between Kingstown (now Dún Laoghaire), Ireland and Holyhead, Anglesey, was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine {{Ship|SM|UB-123||2}}. Lively, on patrol off the Skerries, Dublin, responded to the news of Lienster{{'}}s sinking, and along with the destroyers {{HMS|Mallard|1896|2}} and {{HMS|Seal|1897|2}} set out to rescue survivors. Lively picked up 127 survivors, while Seal rescued 51 and Mallard 20, but as many as 529 died.[32][33][34] Lively was sold for scrap to Castle of Plymouth on 1 July 1920.[35]Pennant numbers
References1. ^1 2 {{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|p=63}} {{Reflist|30em}}2. ^1 {{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|p=25}} 3. ^{{Harvnb|Chesneau|Kolesnik|1979|p=97}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|pp=61–63}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Chesneau|Kolesnik|1979|pp=94, 96–97}} 6. ^{{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|pp=61, 63}} 7. ^{{Harvnb|Chesneau|Kolesnik|1979|p=94}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Lyon|2001|pp=98–99}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2009|p=40}} 10. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence|day_of_week=Wednesday |date=21 May 1902 |page_number=10 |issue=36773| }} 11. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Saturday |date=10 May 1902 |page_number=8 |issue=36764| }} 12. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval Review at Spithead |day_of_week=Friday |date=15 August 1902 |page_number=5 |issue=36847| }} 13. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=The King at Cowes|day_of_week=Thursday |date=21 August 1902 |page_number=4 |issue=36852| }} 14. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Friday |date=26 September 1902 |page_number=8 |issue=36883| }} 15. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Naval & Military intelligence |day_of_week=Friday |date=3 October 1902 |page_number=8 |issue=36889| }} 16. ^{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Gray|1985|p=18}} 17. ^{{Harvnb|Manning|1961|pp=17–18}} 18. ^{{cite magazine|title=Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Patrol Flotillas |journal=The Navy List |date=March 1913 |page=269d |url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=94246554}} 19. ^{{Harvnb|Manning|1961|p=25}} 20. ^{{cite magazine|title=Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Patrol Flotillas |journal=The Navy List |date=August 1914|page=269c |url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=91884214}} 21. ^{{Harvnb|Manning|1961|p=26}} 22. ^{{Harvnb|Corbett|1920|pp=15–16}} 23. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 7|1921|pp=75–76}} 24. ^{{Harvnb|Massie|2007|pp=310–312}} 25. ^{{Harvnb|Corbett|1920|pp=250–251}} 26. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 7|1921|pp=92–93}} 27. ^{{Harvnb|Naval Staff Monograph No. 7|1921|pp=94–95, 105–106}} 28. ^{{cite magazine|title=Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c.: Other Ships Attached to Grand Fleet |journal=The Navy List |date=March 1918|page=12 |url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92232994}} 29. ^{{Harvnb|Manning|1961|p=27}} 30. ^{{cite magazine|title=Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c.: XI–Irish Sea Flotilla|journal=The Navy List |date=April 1918|page=19 |url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92263562&mode=fullsize}} 31. ^{{cite magazine|title=Supplement to the Monthly Naval List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c.: XI.–Irish Sea Hunting Flotilla|journal=The Navy List |date=July 1918|page=19 |url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92289942}} 32. ^{{Harvnb|Lecane|2005|pp=69–77}} 33. ^{{cite web|last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |title=Leinster |work=Ships hit during WWI |publisher=U-boat.net |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/3552.html|accessdate=26 June 2016}} 34. ^{{cite web|title=The Sinking|work=The Sinking of R.M.S. Leinster |accessdate=26 June 2016 |url=http://www.rmsleinster.com/sinking/sinking.htm}} 35. ^1 {{Harvnb|Dittmar|Colledge|1972|p=57}}
5 : Lively-class destroyers|Ships built in Merseyside|1900 ships|B-class destroyers (1913)|World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom |
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