| 词条 | HMS Patriot (1916) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Patriot was a {{sclass2-|Thornycroft M|destroyer}} that served in the British Royal Navy. The destroyer entered service in 1915 during the First World War and saw service with the Grand Fleet. Following the war, the destroyer was declared surplus and in 1920, the ship was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy. Recommissioned as HMCS Patriot, the destroyer was used primarily as a training ship. Patriot was taken out of service in 1927, sold for scrap in 1929 and broken up. Design and descriptionPatriot was a Thornycroft M-class destroyer that displaced {{convert|985|LT|t}} and was {{convert|274|ft|m}} long overall with a beam of {{convert|27|ft|3|in|m}} and a draught of {{convert|10|ft|6|in|m}}. The ship was propelled by three shafts driven by Brown-Curtis turbines powered by three Yarrow boilers creating {{convert|26500|shp|kW|lk=in}}. This gave the ship a maximum speed of {{convert|35|kn|lk=in}}. The destroyer carried {{convert|254|LT|t}} of fuel oil.[1]The destroyer was armed with three quick-firing (QF) {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on|0}}/45 calibre Mark IV guns in single mounts. The No.2 4-inch gun was placed on a bandstand, unlike earlier M-class destroyers. For secondary armament, the destroyer was equipped with a single QF 2-pounder "pom-pom" Mk.II and four {{convert|21|in|mm|adj=on|0}} torpedo tubes in two twin mounts.[2] As a Thornycroft "special", Patriot resembled the standard Admiralty version of the class with the exception of her flat-sided funnels and higher freeboard.[1] Service historyRoyal NavyPatriot was one of two Thornycroft M-class destroyers ordered in February 1915 as part of the Fourth War Construction Programme, along with 15 of the standard Admiralty design. She was laid down at Thornycroft & Company's Southampton shipyard in July 1915. The ship was launched on 20 April 1916 and completed in June 1916.[3]Patriot saw extensive service for the remainder of the First World War. On commissioning, Patriot joined the recently formed 14th Destroyer Flotilla, part of the Grand Fleet.[4][5] In early July 1917, Patriot took part with another five destroyers (the leader {{HMS|Anzac|1917|2}}, together with {{HMS|Norman|1916|2}}, {{HMS|Maenad|1915|2}}, {{HMS|Morning Star|1915|2}} and {{HMS|Moon|1915|2}}) in a mission against German submarines transiting the North Sea. The other five destroyers carried Kite balloons to aid the spotting and tracking of enemy submarines. The patrol made several sightings of a submarine, but did not manage to bring it to action before a shortage of hydrogen for the balloons on 8 July forced the flotilla to return to Scapa Flow.[6][7] On 11 July, Patriot set out as part of another sweep by kite balloon equipped destroyers against German submarines. On 12 July, the observer aboard Patriot{{'}}s balloon spotted a submarine on the surface. When the submarine submerged as Patriot approached and engaged with gunfire, the balloon directed Patriot in a depth charge attack against the submarine, which resulted in a small amount of oil coming to the surface, followed about an hour later by an apparent underwater explosion and a large slick of oil, which was believed to mark the sinking of the {{GS|U-69|1915|6}}.[8]{{#tag:ref|U-69 set out on patrol from Emden on 9 July and did not return, with the final radio contact on 11 July. The official history of U-boat operations suggests that U-69 was attacking shipping in the Irish Sea until at least 23 July.[9][10]|group=note}} In October 1917, Patriot formed part of a large-scale operation, involving 30 cruisers and 54 destroyers deployed in eight groups across the North Sea in an attempt to stop a suspected sortie by German naval forces. Despite these countermeasures, the two German light cruisers {{SMS|Bremse||2}} and {{SMS|Brummer||2}}, managed to evade the patrols and attacked the regular convoy between Norway and Britain, sinking nine merchant ships and two destroyers, {{HMS|Mary Rose|1915|2}} and {{HMS|Strongbow|1916|2}} before returning safely to Germany.[6]She maintained continuous operations both as a convoy escort, and in harbour protection.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Patriot remained part of the 14th Destroyer Flotilla at the end of the war.[11] Following the end of the war, the Grand Fleet was abolished, forming the Atlantic Fleet, with more modern destroyers (mainly the V and W classes and the S class) supporting the fleet, while older destroyers went to subsidiary tasks or were laid up.[12] Patriot was sent to the Firth of Forth, joining the Local Defence Flotilla.[13][14] By November 1919, she was laid up in reserve at HMNB Portsmouth.[15] Royal Canadian NavyIn March 1920, the Canadian government accepted the British offer of a cruiser and two destroyers.[16] The three ships were offered by the Royal Navy to replace the aged cruisers {{HMCS|Rainbow|1891|2}} and {{HMCS|Niobe||2}}.[17] Patriot, along with her sister {{HMS|Patrician|1916|2}} were chosen for transfer in September 1920, needing some modernization which included enclosing the bridge.[18][19] Patriot, Patrician and the cruiser {{HMCS|Aurora||2}} were commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy on 1 November 1920 at Devonport and departed for Halifax, Nova Scotia one month later.[17] Patriot saw immediate service patrolling the waters off Canada's Atlantic coast. The destroyer performed training duties and patrols for the next five years while based out of Halifax.[17] On 10 May 1921, Patriot went aground, for which the commanding officer and navigation officer were later court martialled.[20] Aurora, Patrician and Patriot performed a training cruise to the West Indies in spring/summer 1921. During a visit to Puntarenas, Costa Rica, the Canadian vessels supported negotiations by the Royal Bank of Canada in a dispute over oil with the Costa Rican government.[21] In September 1921, Patriot assisted Alexander Graham Bell's hydrofoil research by towing his high speed experimental hydrofoil HD-4. This experiment was conducted on the waters of Baddeck Bay in the Bras d'Or Lake estuary near the village of Baddeck, Nova Scotia.[17]Patriot remained as the only major warship of the Royal Canadian Navy in Halifax following budget cuts in 1922. She was used to train the newly formed Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve.[22] Roughly once a year, Patriot sailed to the West Indies to take part in naval exercises with the Royal Navy.[23] By 1927, the Royal Canadian Navy began looking for replacements for Patriot and Patrician. By the end of the year, the Canadian government had purchased two new destroyers from the United Kingdom.[24] Patriot was paid off in December 1927 and sold for scrap and broken up at Briton Ferry, Wales in 1929.[17][18]Commanding officersWith Royal Canadian Navy
ReferencesNotes1. ^1 Gardiner and Gray, pp. 79–80 2. ^Gardiner and Gray, pp. 76, 79 3. ^Friedman 2009, p. 309. 4. ^{{cite journal|title=Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: I. — The Grand Fleet: Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet|journal=The Navy List|date=July 1916|page=12|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92073450&mode=fullsize|accessdate=1 May 2015}} 5. ^Manning 1961, p. 27. 6. ^1 {{cite web|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|title=History of the Great War: Naval Operations: Volume V, April 1917 to November 1918 (Part 1 of 4)|year=2013|origyear=Originally published by Longmans Green: London, 1931|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Book-RN5a.htm|accessdate=1 May 2015}} 7. ^Jones 1930, p. 62. 8. ^Jones 1930, pp. 62–63. 9. ^Grant 1964, p. 72. 10. ^{{cite web|last= Helgason|first=Guðmundur|title=WWI U-boats: U-69|publisher=U-boat.net|url=http://uboat.net/wwi/boats/index.html?boat=69|accessdate=1 May 2015}} 11. ^{{cite journal|title=Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: I. — The Grand Fleet: Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet|journal=The Navy List|date=December 1918|page=12|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92315614|accessdate=2 May 2015}} 12. ^Manning 1961, pp. 27–28. 13. ^{{cite journal|title=Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: V. — Local Defence and Minesweeping Flotillas and Training Establishments|journal=The Navy List|date=March 1919|page=16|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92419814|accessdate=2 May 2015}} 14. ^{{cite journal|title=Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: III. — Local Defence and Minesweeping Flotillas and Training Establishments|journal=The Navy List|date=May 1919|page=15|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92444238|accessdate=2 May 2015}} 15. ^{{cite journal|title=V. — Vessels in Reserve at Home Ports and Other Bases|journal=The Navy List|date=November 1919|page=707a|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=92583894&mode=fullsize|accessdate=2 May 2015}} 16. ^Johnston et al., p. 846 17. ^1 2 3 4 Macpherson and Barrie, p. 13 18. ^1 Colledge, p. 472 19. ^Johnston et al., p. 849 20. ^Johnston et al., p. 870 21. ^Johnston et al., p. 882 22. ^German, p. 57 23. ^Johnston et al., p. 961 24. ^Johnston et al., p. 1009 25. ^A future Chief of Naval Staff, and the first graduate of the Royal Naval College of Canada to command a ship in the Royal Canadian Navy 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.esquimalt.ca/files/PDF/Culture_and_Heritage/main_draft_remembrance_3.pdf |last=MacMillan-Murphy |first=Jim |title=Esquimalt Remembers |publisher=Esquimalt Heritage Advisory Committee |accessdate=20 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405155151/http://www.esquimalt.ca/files/PDF/Culture_and_Heritage/main_draft_remembrance_3.pdf |archivedate=5 April 2012 |df=dmy }} Citations{{reflist|30em}}References
External links
6 : Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy|Thornycroft M-class destroyers|Ships built in Southampton|1916 ships|World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom|World War I naval ships of Canada |
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